Microbiology

Question 1

What isBorrelia mayonii?

Answer 1

Borrelia mayoniiare a type of bacteria recently found in North America that can cause Lyme disease. These bacteria are different from the three types of bacteria that cause most cases of Lyme disease worldwide.

Borrelia burgdorferi(North America, Europe)

B. afzelii(Europe, Asia)

B. garinii(Europe, Asia)

B. mayoniiis the only species besidesB. burgdorferishown to cause Lyme disease in North America.

Question 2

HasB. mayoniibeen found in ticks?

Answer 2

Yes, but not as often asB. burgdorferi.B. mayoniihas been found in blacklegged ticks collected in northwestern Wisconsin and Minnesota. The blacklegged tick can also transmitB. burgdorferi(the bacteria that causes almost all Lyme disease infections in the United States), and the germs that cause anaplasmosis, babesiosis, and Powassan virus disease.

Question 3

MCQ: Identify the obligate anaerobes

a. Salmonella b. Vibrio cholera
c. Cl. tetani d. Sarcinae

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Outline the Serological and microscpical tests of Syphilis

Answer 4

Labs
nonspecific serologic testing:

        VDRL (venereal disease research laboratory)
            can test in CSF with neurologic or otologic involvement of syphilis 
        RPR (rapid plasma reagent)

    specific serologic testing:

        FTA-ABS (fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption)  use to confirm diagnosis

Microscopy
    dark-field microscopy 
        visualize motile spirochetes

Question 5

outline the presentation of PRIMARY and SECONADRY SYPHILIS

Answer 5

Primary syphilis

painless chancre 
    indurated edge
    can visualize treponemes in fluid from chancre using dark-field microscopy

Secondary syphilis

disseminated disease
diffuse, maculopapular rash that involves the palms and soles
condylomata lata
    smooth, painless, wart-like white lesions on genitals
lymphadenopathy
patchy alopecia

Question 6

Explain how do you diagnose TB in the lab

Answer 6

Sputum specimen

acid-fast bacilli
culture
nucleic acid amplification tests

Blood

interferon-gamma release assay

Tuberculin skin test

results in a delayed immune response with the administration of purified protein derivatives (PPD) from Mycoplasma tuberculosis
    measured in 48-72 hours

Question 7

Spirochetes

Answer 7

are Borring Little Treats–>Borrelia, Leptospira, Treponema

Question 8

Some Killers Have Pretty Nice Capsules

Answer 8

Step pneumonia
    klebsiella
    Heamophilus influenzae
    Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    Neisseria meningitidis
    Cryptococcus neoformans