Microbiology

Question 1

Contagious

Answer 1

When a disease spreads from one person to another via contact. Also called communicable.

Question 2

Bacteria

Answer 2

sometimes called germs or microbes, are one-celled micro-organisms

Question 3

Bacteriology

Answer 3

The study of Bactria

Question 4

Nonpathogenic

Answer 4

Non-disease-producing bacteria

Question 5

Pathogenic

Answer 5

Disease producing bacteria

Question 6

Cocci

Answer 6

are spherical (round-shaped) bacterial cells, which appear singularly or in groups.
Moves using the air and dust

Question 7

Staphylococci

Answer 7

Pus-forming bacterial cells that form as grape-like bunches or in clusters and are present in abscesses, pustules and boils.
Some types won’t cause infection but others could be fatal.

Question 8

Streptococci

Answer 8

Pus-forming bacterial cells that form in long chains and can cause septicemia (sometimes called blood poisoning), strep throat, rheumatic fever and other serious infections.

Question 9

Diplococci

Answer 9

Bacterial cells that grow in pairs. They cause of certain infections, including pneumonia. .

Question 10

Bacilli

Answer 10

Most common form of bacterial cells. These bar- or rod-shaped cells can produce a variety of diseases including tetanus, bacterial influenza, typhoid fever, tuberculosis and diphtheria.

Question 11

Spirilla

Answer 11

Spiraled, coiled, corkscrew-shaped bacterial cells that cause highly contagious diseases such as syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease (STD); cholera; and Lyme disease.

Question 12

Active Stage

Answer 12

Bacteria reproduce and grow rapidly. Reproduction usually takes place in dark, damp or dirty areas where a food source is available. As the bacteria absorb food, each cell grows in size and divides, creating two new cells­­—similar to the budding process in plants.

Question 13

Inactive Stage

Answer 13

When conditions are unfavorable, the cells die or become inactive. Some bacteria enter this inactive stage by creating spherical spores.
*Bacteria that form spores can only be destroyed by sterilization or the use of a product labeled as sporicidal (able to kill spores).

Question 14

Flagella

Answer 14

(Or cilia) Hair-like projections that extend front the sides of a cell and allow the bacteria to move and spread through liquid.

Question 15

Viruses

Answer 15

Sub-microscopic particle (much smaller than bacteria) that causes familiar diseases like the common cold, which is caused by a filterable virus. They require a living host to survive.

Question 16

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)

Answer 16

Bloodborne pathogen that causes a highly infectious disease that infects the liver. Can be prevented with a vaccine.

Question 17

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Answer 17

Blood borne pathogen that can lead to AIDS. It attacks the bodies natural immune system causing it to break down.

Question 18

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)

Answer 18

Common viral infection that can lead to health problems such as genital warts, plantar warts, cervical changes and cervical cancer.

Question 19

External Parasites

Answer 19

Organisms that live on or obtain their nutrients from another organism called a host and cause damage.

Question 20

Tinea Capitis

Answer 20

Ringworm

Question 21

Favus

Answer 21

Honeycomb ringworm

Question 22

Seborrheic Dermatitis

Answer 22

Stubborn dandruff that requires treatment form a physician

Question 23

Scabies

Answer 23

Itch mites

Question 24

Pediculosis Capitis

Answer 24

Head lice. Transmitted through contact with a infected person or object such as a brush or comb.

Question 25

Biofilm

Answer 25

A type of slime that is created when a bacterial colony and water are present.

Question 26

Binary Fission

Answer 26

Bacterial reproduction

Question 27

Parasitic Fungi

Answer 27

Molds and yeasts that produce contagious and non-contagious diseases.

Question 28

6 Signs of an Infection

Answer 28

``` pain swelling redness local fever (heat) throbbing discharge ```

Question 29

Infection

Answer 29

Occurs when disease-causing (pathogenic) bacteria or viruses enter the body and multiply to the point of interfering with the body’s normal state.

Question 30

Direct Transmission (direct contact)

Answer 30

Spread of infectious disease when an infected person touches or exchanges body fluids with someone else

Question 31

Indirect Transmission

Answer 31

Infectious disease that can spread through the air or contact with a contaminated object

Question 32

Contagious Infection

Answer 32

Transmitted from one person to another, usually through touch or through the air

Question 33

Micro-Organisms

Answer 33

Spread to a new person frequently but cause no infection unless they actually enter the body.

Question 34

Bloodborne Pathogens

Answer 34

Disease-causing bacteria or viruses that are carried through the blood or body fluids. Can be spread in the salon through haircutting, waxing, tweezing, nipping or anytime the skin is broken.

Question 35

Common means of spreading infection in a salon:

Answer 35

``` Open sores Unclean hands and implements Coughing or sneezing Common use of drinking cups and towels Use of same implements on infected areas and noninfected areas Unsanitary salon conditions ```

Question 36

Contamination

Answer 36

The action of making an object or substance unclean or impure

Question 37

Cross-contamination

Answer 37

The unintentional transfer of harmful bacteria from one person, object or surface to another with harmful effects

Question 38

Decontamination

Answer 38

The removal of dirt, oil and/or microbes from an object

Question 39

Common means of controlling an infection:

Answer 39

Personal hygiene Public awareness Practicing infection control procedures in the salon

Question 40

Local Infection

Answer 40

An infection in a small, confined area that is indicated by a pus-filled boil, pimple or inflamed area.

Question 41

General Infection

Answer 41

Occurs when the circulatory system carries bacteria and their toxins to all parts of the body.

Question 42

Asymptotic

Answer 42

A person carrying disease-producing bacteria or viruses with no recognizable symptoms of the disease.

Question 43

Universal Precautions

Answer 43

Using the same infection control procedures with all clients.

Question 44

Active Immunity

Answer 44

When exposure to a disease organism triggers the immune system to produce antibodies to that disease. Usually takes a while to build up but can be long lasting and even life long.

Question 45

Passive Immunity

Answer 45

The use of vaccines or antibiotics to provide a person with antibodies to a disease rather than producing them through his or her own immune system. Usually shorter lived but occurs faster than active immunity.