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USMLE board exam studying > microbio exotoxins and endotoxins > Flashcards

microbio exotoxins and endotoxins Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheria exotoxin:

A

diphtheria toxin

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2
Q

diphtheria toxin mechanism

A

inactivates EF-2

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3
Q

diphtheria toxin manifestations

A

pharyngitis

pseudomembranes in throat and severe lymphadenopathy

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4
Q

pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin:

A

exotoxin A

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5
Q

pseudomonas exotoxin A mechanism

A

inactivates EF-2

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6
Q

pseudomonas exotoxin A manifestations

A

host cell death

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7
Q

shigella and enterohemorrhagic EC extoxins

A

shiga toxin and shiga like toxin respectively

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8
Q

ST and SLT mechanism

A

inactivate 60S ribosome by removing adenine from rRNA

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9
Q

ST and SLT manifestations

A
  • both enhance cytokine release and cause HUS

- ST does direct cellular damage to GI mucosa while SLT does not

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10
Q

what are the two exotoxins of enterotoxigenic EC?

A

heat-labile and heat-stable toxins (LT and ST)

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11
Q

mechanisms of LT and ST

A

LT - adenylate cyclase (cAMP) up, Cl secretion up
ST - guanylate cyclase (cGMP) up, NaCl resorption down
both cause watery diarrhea

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12
Q

exotoxin of bacillus anthracis

A

edema factor

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13
Q

edema factor mechanism

A

mimics cAMP

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14
Q

vibrio cholera exotoxin

A

cholera toxin

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15
Q

cholera toxin mechanism

A

over activation of cAMP by permanently activating G subunit. Cl secretion, rice water diarrhea

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16
Q

bordetella pertussis toxin:

A

pertussis toxin

17
Q

pertussis toxin mechanism

A

over activates cAMP by disabling Gi, impairing phagocytosis

18
Q

pertussis toxin manifestations

A

pediatric whooping cough

19
Q

clostridium tetani exotoxin

A

tetanospasmin

20
Q

tetanospasmin mechanism

A

protease that cleaves SNARE proteins required for neurotransmitter release (no GABA or glycine)

21
Q

tetanospasmin manifestations

A

lockjaw
spasticity
risus sardonicus

22
Q

clostridium botulinum exotoxin

A

botulinum toxin

23
Q

botulinum toxin mechanism

A

protease, cleaves SNARE proteins, no ACh

24
Q

botulinum toxin manifestations

A

flaccid paralysis, floppy baby

25
Q

clostridium perfringens exotoxin

A

alpha toxin

26
Q

alpha toxin mechanism

A

phospholipase that degrades tissue and cell membranes

27
Q

alpha toxin manifestations

A

myonecrosis (gas gangrene)

hemolysis

28
Q

strep pyogenes exotoxin

A

streptolysin O

exotoxin A

29
Q

streptolysin O mechanism

A

degrades cell membrane

30
Q

streptolysin O manifestations

A

B-hemolysis

rheumatic fever

31
Q

staph aureus exotoxin

A

toxic shock syndrom toxin (TSST-1)

32
Q

TSST-1 mechanism

A

overwhelming release of IFN-gamma and IL-2

33
Q

TSST-1 manifestations

A

toxic shock syndrome
scalded skin syndrome
food poisoning

34
Q

S. pyogenes exotoxin A mechanism

A

overwhelming release of IFN-gamma and IL-2

35
Q

S. pyogenes exotoxin A manifestations

A

toxic shock syndrome

36
Q

what is an endotoxin?

A

lipopolysaccharide found in outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria

37
Q

important manifestations of endotoxins

A

ENDOTOXIN

Edema
Nitric oxide
DIC/Death
Outer membrane
TNF-a
O-antigen
Xtremely heat sensitive
IL-1
Neutrophil chemotaxis

USMLE board exam studying (2 decks)

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