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PPP > Microbio > Flashcards

Microbio Flashcards

1
Q

What do human cells have that microbes don’t

A

Mitochondria to process energy
DNA within a nucleus
No cell wall

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2
Q

What do bacteria have that humans don’t

A

Energy processes occurring in membrane
No nucleus
Periplasmic space between membrane an wall
Cell wall - peptidoglycan
G- with second, outer lipid membrane layer
Flagella, capsules in some

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3
Q

What are the encapsulated organisms

A 
H flu
S Pneumonia
Neisseria
Salmonella 
Group B strep
LKlebsiella
E. Coli
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4
Q

What are coagulate positive organisms

A

Staph aureus is positive
It coagulates fibrin to resist the host defenses
Leads to abscess, sepsis, MRS

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5
Q

What does fastidious mean

A

Complex nutritional needs, like neisseria or hemphilus, difficult to culture

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6
Q

What does acid fast mean

A

Ability to resist acid destaining

Mycobacterium

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7
Q

What is an endotoxins

A

Component of the LPS layer of the gram negative bacteria
Released when the cell dies and LPS layer is brk]oken apart
Leads to fever, vascular inflammation, DIC, sepsis, death

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8
Q

What are exotoxins

A

Proteins produced inside pathogenic bacteria
Most often gram positive bacteria
Secreted or released during death
Botox and tetanus

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9
Q

Aerobic gram positive cocci are

A

Streptococci
Staphylococci
Enterococcus

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10
Q

Aerobic gram positive rods/bacilli are

A

Corynebacterium

Listeria

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11
Q

Aerobic gram negative cocci

A

Mortadella, neisseria

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12
Q

Aerobic gram negative rods

A 
Pseudomonas
Helicobacter
Hemophilia 
Legionella
Enterobacter: e. Coli, klebsiella, enterobacter, citrobacter, shigella, salmonella, serrations, morganella, providencia
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13
Q

Aerobic gram negative coccobacilli

A

Bored at Ella pertussis, francisella, rickettsial, chamydia

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14
Q

Anaerobic gram positive cocci

A

Peptococci

Peptostreptococci

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15
Q

Anaerobic gram positive rods/ bacilli

A

Clostridium (c. Diff, c. Perfingens, c. Tetanus, c. Botulinium)
Gardanerella - thin cell wall makes it stain purple or pink
Listeria - in pregnancy, avoid food borne illness

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16
Q

Anaerobic gram negative cocci

A

None

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17
Q

Anaerobic gram negative bacilli

A 
Bacteroides
Fusobacterium 
Prevotella
Porphyromonas
(Important in abscess, decubitus ulcers, IA abscesses)
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18
Q

Clue cell for bacterial vaginosis and organism

A

Gardnerella
KOH for sniff
Cell - epithelial cel with bacteria adhering to membrane

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19
Q

Where do atypical bacteria reside

A

Respiratory or urogenital tracts

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20
Q

Why are atypical bacteria atypical

A

Lack cell wall or typical PG component
Cell wall inhibitors do not affect them
All can cause pneumonia

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21
Q

Examples of atypical

A 
Mycoplasma
Chlamydia
Ureaplasma
Legionella
Rickettsia (Q fever)
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22
Q

What are rickettsiae

A 
Aerobic, gram negative coccobacilli
I trace lunar parasites 
Multiple within endothelial cells of small vessels 
Vasculitis and DIC
RMSF, Ehrilohicosis
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23
Q

What are spirochete

A

Long, slender, spiral, worm bacteria
Syphilis - reaction (Jalisco-Herxheimer)
Lyme disease
Leptospirosis

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24
Q

Rhys on plans and soles. What two diseases

A

Syphilis and RMSF

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25
Q

Lyme disease rash name

A

Erythema migrants

26
Q

Cat bite and scratch organisms

A

Bite: pasteurella multicoda (TX with augmentin)
Scratch: Bartonella henselae (azrithromycin)

27
Q

Dog organisms

A

Pasteurella multicoda and P. Can is
Capnocytophag canimorsus
Can lead to abscess if they are anaerobes

Rabies is important virus

28
Q

What organisms for human bite

A

Anaerobes

29
Q

Yeast like fungi

A

Candida

30
Q

Filamentous fungi

A

Molds

31
Q

Dimorphism fungi

A

Two forms depending on environment

32
Q

Fungi features

A 
Eukaryotic
Cell wal
Chitin and b Lucan 
No PCN
Cell membrane - ergosterol
33
Q

What fungi have pseudophypage and true hyphae

A

Pseudo: yeast, candida
True: filamentous hyphae

34
Q

Oral candidiasis TX

A

Fluconazole
Swish

Yeast - candida Algerians

35
Q

Cutaneous candidiasis

A

Topic azole - ketoconazole

36
Q

What fungi causes tines vertical or

A

Malassezia furfural

37
Q

What does tinea fungi cause

A

Tinea corporis

Pedis, Curtis, fancier, Barbie, magnum, capitals

38
Q

What does trichophyton cause

A

Onychomycosis

39
Q

What is pneumocystis Jerome I

A

Eukaryote - similar to fungi
No antifungal
TMP-SMX
HIV opportunistic

40
Q

Tinea cavities

A

Kerion

To with Griseofulvin

41
Q

To of tinea versicolor

A

He’d and shoulder shampoo as body wash

42
Q

What virus causes hand foot and mouth

A

Cossacks virus

43
Q

What virus causes bronchiolitits

A

RSV

44
Q

What are the Protozoa parasites

A

Plasmodium
Trichomonas
Ameba
Giardiasis

45
Q

Vector borne via tick

A

Lyme
RMSF
Ehrlichosis
Tularemia (rabbits, hares, rodents)

46
Q

Vector borne via mosquito

A

Malaria
Dengue fever
West Nile
Zika

47
Q

Rabies spread

A

Direct contact via bite and scratch

48
Q

Bird illnesses

A

Psittacosis
A fever
Histoplasmosis

49
Q

Difference between cellulitis and erysipelas

A

Distinct, raised border = step sign

50
Q

Impetigo ID and to

A

Honey crusted
Mupirocin ointment
Bulbous - née PO meds also
MRSA - AB

51
Q

TMP MOA

A

Selectively inhibits bacterial DFHR

52
Q

Methotrexate MOA

A

Inhibits isoforms of DFHR, required for DNA synthesis

53
Q

30s subunits targets

A

Aminoglycosdies and tetracyclines

54
Q

50s subunit target

A

Macrolide

55
Q

Why can’t macroldies be used for pyelonephirits

A

It can’t penetrate the appropriate tissues for complicated UTI

56
Q

When to use bactericdial

A

Immunocompromised patient

Hard tor each anatomical areas - CSF and intracardiac

57
Q

Why use PCN and AG together

A

PCN cause cell wall destruction
AG cause cell entrance more easily and increase cell death
Both bactericidal

58
Q

Why use TMP/SMx together

A

TMP inhibits DFHR
SMX inhibits synthase of dihydropteroate
SMX decreases it and TMP inhibits it

59
Q

Peaks

A

Taken at appropriate time after last dose

60
Q

Trough

A

Taken before next dose (right before)

If too high - lengthened the interval

61
Q

When to use peak and trough for gent and vanc

A

VANC: trough
GENT: peak and trough

62
Q

Penfast rule

A

F: five years or less
A: anaphylaxis or antipode a
S: severe cutaneous adverse reaction
T: treatment required for action

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