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Microbio Flashcards

1
Q

What do human cells have that microbes don’t

A

Mitochondria to process energy
DNA within a nucleus
No cell wall

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2
Q

What do bacteria have that humans don’t

A

Energy processes occurring in membrane
No nucleus
Periplasmic space between membrane an wall
Cell wall - peptidoglycan
G- with second, outer lipid membrane layer
Flagella, capsules in some

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3
Q

What are the encapsulated organisms

A 
H flu
S Pneumonia
Neisseria
Salmonella 
Group B strep
LKlebsiella
E. Coli
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4
Q

What are coagulate positive organisms

A

Staph aureus is positive
It coagulates fibrin to resist the host defenses
Leads to abscess, sepsis, MRS

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5
Q

What does fastidious mean

A

Complex nutritional needs, like neisseria or hemphilus, difficult to culture

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6
Q

What does acid fast mean

A

Ability to resist acid destaining

Mycobacterium

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7
Q

What is an endotoxins

A

Component of the LPS layer of the gram negative bacteria
Released when the cell dies and LPS layer is brk]oken apart
Leads to fever, vascular inflammation, DIC, sepsis, death

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8
Q

What are exotoxins

A

Proteins produced inside pathogenic bacteria
Most often gram positive bacteria
Secreted or released during death
Botox and tetanus

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9
Q

Aerobic gram positive cocci are

A

Streptococci
Staphylococci
Enterococcus

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10
Q

Aerobic gram positive rods/bacilli are

A

Corynebacterium

Listeria

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11
Q

Aerobic gram negative cocci

A

Mortadella, neisseria

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12
Q

Aerobic gram negative rods

A 
Pseudomonas
Helicobacter
Hemophilia 
Legionella
Enterobacter: e. Coli, klebsiella, enterobacter, citrobacter, shigella, salmonella, serrations, morganella, providencia
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13
Q

Aerobic gram negative coccobacilli

A

Bored at Ella pertussis, francisella, rickettsial, chamydia

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14
Q

Anaerobic gram positive cocci

A

Peptococci

Peptostreptococci

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15
Q

Anaerobic gram positive rods/ bacilli

A

Clostridium (c. Diff, c. Perfingens, c. Tetanus, c. Botulinium)
Gardanerella - thin cell wall makes it stain purple or pink
Listeria - in pregnancy, avoid food borne illness

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16
Q

Anaerobic gram negative cocci

A

None

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17
Q

Anaerobic gram negative bacilli

A 
Bacteroides
Fusobacterium 
Prevotella
Porphyromonas
(Important in abscess, decubitus ulcers, IA abscesses)
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18
Q

Clue cell for bacterial vaginosis and organism

A

Gardnerella
KOH for sniff
Cell - epithelial cel with bacteria adhering to membrane

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19
Q

Where do atypical bacteria reside

A

Respiratory or urogenital tracts

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20
Q

Why are atypical bacteria atypical

A

Lack cell wall or typical PG component
Cell wall inhibitors do not affect them
All can cause pneumonia

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21
Q

Examples of atypical

A 
Mycoplasma
Chlamydia
Ureaplasma
Legionella
Rickettsia (Q fever)
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22
Q

What are rickettsiae

A 
Aerobic, gram negative coccobacilli
I trace lunar parasites 
Multiple within endothelial cells of small vessels 
Vasculitis and DIC
RMSF, Ehrilohicosis
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23
Q

What are spirochete

A

Long, slender, spiral, worm bacteria
Syphilis - reaction (Jalisco-Herxheimer)
Lyme disease
Leptospirosis

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24
Q

Rhys on plans and soles. What two diseases

A

Syphilis and RMSF

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25
Lyme disease rash name
Erythema migrants
26
Cat bite and scratch organisms
Bite: pasteurella multicoda (TX with augmentin) Scratch: Bartonella henselae (azrithromycin)
27
Dog organisms
Pasteurella multicoda and P. Can is Capnocytophag canimorsus Can lead to abscess if they are anaerobes Rabies is important virus
28
What organisms for human bite
Anaerobes
29
Yeast like fungi
Candida
30
Filamentous fungi
Molds
31
Dimorphism fungi
Two forms depending on environment
32
Fungi features
``` Eukaryotic Cell wal Chitin and b Lucan No PCN Cell membrane - ergosterol ```
33
What fungi have pseudophypage and true hyphae
Pseudo: yeast, candida True: filamentous hyphae
34
Oral candidiasis TX
Fluconazole Swish Yeast - candida Algerians
35
Cutaneous candidiasis
Topic azole - ketoconazole
36
What fungi causes tines vertical or
Malassezia furfural
37
What does tinea fungi cause
Tinea corporis | Pedis, Curtis, fancier, Barbie, magnum, capitals
38
What does trichophyton cause
Onychomycosis
39
What is pneumocystis Jerome I
Eukaryote - similar to fungi No antifungal TMP-SMX HIV opportunistic
40
Tinea cavities
Kerion | To with Griseofulvin
41
To of tinea versicolor
He’d and shoulder shampoo as body wash
42
What virus causes hand foot and mouth
Cossacks virus
43
What virus causes bronchiolitits
RSV
44
What are the Protozoa parasites
Plasmodium Trichomonas Ameba Giardiasis
45
Vector borne via tick
Lyme RMSF Ehrlichosis Tularemia (rabbits, hares, rodents)
46
Vector borne via mosquito
Malaria Dengue fever West Nile Zika
47
Rabies spread
Direct contact via bite and scratch
48
Bird illnesses
Psittacosis A fever Histoplasmosis
49
Difference between cellulitis and erysipelas
Distinct, raised border = step sign
50
Impetigo ID and to
Honey crusted Mupirocin ointment Bulbous - née PO meds also MRSA - AB
51
TMP MOA
Selectively inhibits bacterial DFHR
52
Methotrexate MOA
Inhibits isoforms of DFHR, required for DNA synthesis
53
30s subunits targets
Aminoglycosdies and tetracyclines
54
50s subunit target
Macrolide
55
Why can’t macroldies be used for pyelonephirits
It can’t penetrate the appropriate tissues for complicated UTI
56
When to use bactericdial
Immunocompromised patient | Hard tor each anatomical areas - CSF and intracardiac
57
Why use PCN and AG together
PCN cause cell wall destruction AG cause cell entrance more easily and increase cell death Both bactericidal
58
Why use TMP/SMx together
TMP inhibits DFHR SMX inhibits synthase of dihydropteroate SMX decreases it and TMP inhibits it
59
Peaks
Taken at appropriate time after last dose
60
Trough
Taken before next dose (right before) | If too high - lengthened the interval
61
When to use peak and trough for gent and vanc
VANC: trough GENT: peak and trough
62
Penfast rule
F: five years or less A: anaphylaxis or antipode a S: severe cutaneous adverse reaction T: treatment required for action

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