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BMY3001 > Microbial Nomenclature & Systematic > Flashcards

Microbial Nomenclature & Systematic Flashcards

1
Q

Meaning of Taxonomy.

A

Classify/arrange into groups based on mutual similarities.

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2
Q

Parts of Taxonomy.

A
  • classification
  • identification
  • nomenclature
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3
Q

Meaning of nomenclature.

A

Assignment of names to taxonomic groups in agreement with published rules.

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4
Q

Meaning of classification.

A

Arrangement of organisms into groups or based on mutual similarity or evolutionary relatedness.

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5
Q

Meaning of identification.

A

Process of discovering and recording the traits of organisms.

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6
Q

Process of naming a NEW bacteria.

A
  1. Run scientific tests to verify the bacteria.
  2. New bacteria - give a name.
  3. Description is published in International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology.
  4. Bacteria deposited in culture collection bank.
  5. Description of bacteria is incorporated into reference called Bergey’s Manual.
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7
Q

Meaning of strain.

A

subgroup of species with one or more characteristics that distinguish it from other subgroups of the same species.

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8
Q

Strain can be identify by……

A
  • A name
  • Number
  • Letter follows by specific epithet.
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9
Q

Strain within a species can be describe in different ways, which are…

A
  • Biovars - differ biochemically and physiologically.
  • Morphovars - Differ morphologically.
  • Serovars - Differ in antigenic properties.
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10
Q

Natural classification

A

Arranges organisms into groups whose members share many characteristics.

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11
Q

Polyphasic taxonomy

A
  • To determine the genus and species of a newly discovered prokaryote.
  • Incorporates information from genetic, phenotypic, and phylogenetic analysis.
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12
Q

Phenetic classification

A

Groups organisms together based on mutual similarity of phenotypes.

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13
Q

Phylogenetic classification

A

Usually based on direct comparison of genetic material and gene products.

Also called phyletic classification systems.

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14
Q

Genotypic classification.

A

Comparison of genetic similarity between organisms.
- Individual genes/whole genomes can be compared.
- 70% homologous belong to the same species.

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15
Q

Taxonomic Ranks

A

Microbes are placed in hierarchical taxonomic levels with each level or rank sharing a common set of specific features.

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16
Q

Definition of species.

A
  • Collection of strains that share many stable properties and differ significantly from other groups of strains.
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17
Q

Techniques for Determining Microbial Taxonomy and Phylogeny.

A

Classical characteristics.
* Morphological
* Physiological
* Biochemical
* Ecoloigal

Molecular characteristics.

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18
Q

What makes phylogenetic classification possible?

A
  1. Highly conserved genetic sequence.
  2. Advancement in sequencing technique.
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19
Q

Methods of classification and identifying microorganisms.

A
  1. Morphological characteristics
  2. Differential staining
  3. Biochemical tests
  4. Serology
  5. Phage typing
  6. Fatty acid profiles
  7. DNA Base Composition
  8. DNA fingerprinting
  9. Nucleic acid hybridization
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20
Q

Morphological characteristics studied include…

A
  • cell type
  • shape and size
  • cellular grouping
  • external structures
  • internal structures
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21
Q

Types of differential staining

A
  • Gram stain
  • Acid-fast stain
  • Negative staining for capsules
  • Endospore staining
  • Flagella stainig
22
Q

Function of biochemical tests

A

To verify its metabolic activity.

23
Q

Common biochemical tests

A
  • Phenol Red broth
  • Gelatin Test
  • Lipase test
  • Starch hydrolysis
  • Motility test
  • Catalase test
24
Q

Rapid biochemical test

A
  • Standardization
  • Speed
  • Reproducibility
  • Miniaturization
  • Mechanization
25
Meaning of serology
Science that studies serum and immune responses that are evident in serum.
26
Describe slide agglutination test
* Unknown bacteria placed on several slides. * A different known antiserum is placed on each sample. * Agglutination - positive reaction.
27
Types of serology techniques
* Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) * Western blotting.
28
Use of phage typing
Determine which phage a bacterium is susceptible to.
29
How to prepare phage typing?
1. Prepare a lawn of bacteria. 2. Drop different spots of known phage. 3. Lysis indicate matching phage and bacteria.
29
How to prepare phage typing?
1. Prepare a lawn of bacteria. 2. Drop different spots of known phage. 3. Lysis indicate matching phage and bacteria.
29
How to prepare phage typing?
1. Prepare a lawn of bacteria. 2. Drop different spots of known phage. 3. Lysis indicate matching phage and bacteria.
30
How to prepare phage typing?
1. Prepare a lawn of bacteria. 2. Drop different spots of known phage. 3. Lysis indicate matching phage and bacteria.
30
How to prepare phage typing?
1. Prepare a lawn of bacteria. 2. Drop different spots of known phage. 3. Lysis indicate matching phage and bacteria.
31
Function of DNA Fingerprinting.
Use of restriction enzyme to produce banding pattern.
31
Function of DNA Fingerprinting.
Use of restriction enzyme to produce banding pattern.
31
Function of DNA Fingerprinting.
Use of restriction enzyme to produce banding pattern.
31
Function of DNA Fingerprinting.
Use of restriction enzyme to produce banding pattern.
32
Function of DNA Fingerprinting.
Use of restriction enzyme to produce banding pattern.
33
Function of DNA Fingerprinting.
Use of restriction enzyme to produce banding pattern.
34
Usage of nucleic acid hybridization.
This technique can be used to determine extent of similarity based on degree of reunion.
34
Usage of nucleic acid hybridization.
This technique can be used to determine extent of similarity based on degree of reunion.
34
Usage of nucleic acid hybridization.
This technique can be used to determine extent of similarity based on degree of reunion.
35
Usage of nucleic acid hybridization.
This technique can be used to determine extent of similarity based on degree of reunion.
36
Usage of nucleic acid hybridization.
This technique can be used to determine extent of similarity based on degree of reunion.
37
Usage of nucleic acid hybridization.
This technique can be used to determine extent of similarity based on degree of reunion.
38
Usage of nucleic acid hybridization.
This technique can be used to determine extent of similarity based on degree of reunion.
38
Usage of nucleic acid hybridization.
This technique can be used to determine extent of similarity based on degree of reunion.
38
Usage of nucleic acid hybridization.
This technique can be used to determine extent of similarity based on degree of reunion.
38
Usage of nucleic acid hybridization.
This technique can be used to determine extent of similarity based on degree of reunion.
39
Techniques that apply the principle of nucleic acid hybridization
1. Southern blotting 2. DNA Chips 3. Ribotyping and Ribosomal RNA Sequencing 4. Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH).
40
Methods use to classify and identify microorganisms after various analyses
* Dichotomous keys * Cladograms

BMY3001 (2 decks)

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