Microbial Metabolism

Question 1

catabolism

Answer 1

Releases energy and end products that can be reduced to energy

*Harvests energy released during the breakdown of compounds and use it to make ATP and precursor metabolites

Question 2

anabolism

Answer 2

Requires energy, uses building blocks to make macromolecules

• Assemble subunits of macromolecules that make up cell structures
• Use ATP and precursor metabolites

Question 3

similarities of catabolism and anabolism

Answer 3

both involve electron transfer and oxidation and reduction reactions

Question 4

reduced

Answer 4

gains an electron

Question 5

oxidized

Answer 5

loses an electron

Question 6

main catabolic pathway for aerobic respiration in prokrayotes vs eukaryotes

Answer 6

prokaryotes: ETC in cellular membrane

Eukaryotes: ETC in mitochondrial membrane

Question 7

Glycolysis input and output

Answer 7

Input: 1 glucose

Output: 2 ATP
2 NADH
2 pyruvate + 5 other

Question 8

synthesis of acetyl coa

Answer 8

Creates reducing power:
2 NADH
2 acetyl CoA

Question 9

Krebs cycle

Answer 9

Input: 1 glucose/ 2 acetyl CoA

Output: 6 NADH and 2 FADH

Question 10

how is ATP generated via electron transport chain

Answer 10

• proton gradient
• enzyme ATP synthase
• oxidative phosphorylation

Question 11

aerobic respiration

Answer 11

-eukaryotes, obligate aerobes, facultative anaerobes in the presence of oxygen

• pyruvate is completely oxidized with oxygen as the final electron acceptor
• 38 ATP generated

Question 12

anaerobic respiration

Answer 12

• eukaryotes, obligate anaerobes, and facultative anaerobes in the absence of oxygen
• oxygen is not the final electron acceptor

Question 13

Fermentation

Answer 13

• NO ETC
• 2 ATP generated (from glycolysis)
• main function is the regeneration of NAD

Question 14

how are metabolic properties used in bacterial identification for clinical diagnosis?

Answer 14

Differential media can be used to determine if an organism is capable of reducing a compound
-media has pH indicator

Question 15

substrate level phosphorylation

Answer 15

-instead of using ATP syntahse, ATP is produced using an enzyme reaction to transfer a phosphate group to ADP

Question 16

oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 16

uses a proton gradient to turn ATP synthase and produce ATP

Question 17

chemiosmosis

Answer 17

movement of ions across a semipermeable membrane, down their electrochemical gradient

Question 18

cytochrome oxidase

Answer 18

large transmembrane protein found bacteria (and mitochondria of eukaryotes)
-last enzyme in the respiratory electron transport chain

Question 19

electron carrier

Answer 19

any of various molecules that are capable of accepting one or two electrons from a molecule and donating them to another in the process of electron transport

Question 20

oxidizing agent

Answer 20

substance that brings about oxidation by being reduced and gaining electrons

Question 21

reducing agent

Answer 21

substance that tends to rbing about reduction by being oxidized and losing electrons