Microbial infection

Question 1

What are the 5 types of pathogens?

Answer 1

1. Viruses – not cells in their own right
2. Fungi – eukaryotes but single cell
3. Protozoa – eukaryotes but single cell
4. Bacteria – prokaryotes
5. Helminths – multi-cellular

Question 2

3 examples of virus and viral infection

Answer 2

HIV - leads to AIDS

Zika - zika virus disease

Influenza - flu

Question 3

Are viruses cells?

Answer 3

No - they are obligate parasites. They contain RNA or DNA as genetic material that replicate using host cell nuclear synthetic machinery.

Question 4

How do viruses divide?

Answer 4

1. Budding out of host cell

2. Cytolysis

Question 5

Do bacteria have internal membranes?

Answer 5

No except photosynthetic bacteria

Question 6

Are bacteria haploid or diploid?

Answer 6

Always haploid since only contain a single copy of chromosome.

Question 7

What is the cell wall of bacteria made up of?

Answer 7

Peptidoglycan

Question 8

How do bacteria divide?

Answer 8

Binary fission

Question 9

3 examples of bacteria and disease caused

Answer 9

Shigella - causes shigellosis (a GI tract infection causing diarrohea, fever and stomach cramps)

Neisseria meningitidis - causes meningitis and septicaemia

Mycobacterium leprae - causes leprosy (chronic infection of skin and nerves transmitted by nasal discarges)

Question 10

2 examples of protozoa and disease caused

Answer 10

Plasmodium species - causes malaria

Leishmania species - causes leishmaniasis

Question 11

How do protozoa replicate?

Answer 11

Replicate in the host by binary fission or the formation of a trophozoite inside a cell.

Question 12

3 examples of helminths

Answer 12

1. Roundworms
2. Flatworms
3. Tapeworms