Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

bio 211 test 1 study guide > microbial groups > Flashcards

microbial groups Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what kind of micro organisms are deemed large?-

A

Fungi,algae, protozoa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

which ones are deemed intermediate in size?

A

protozoa-single celled eukaryotes
algae- photosynthetic microorganisms that vary in size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

which ones are deemed smaller

A

Most bacteria
archaea
viruses
prions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What aspects of the environment dictate what can grow where?

A

things of the environment like water availability, pH, human interaction, oxygen levels, light, temperature, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

describe bacteria

A

tiny and simple
cell walls made of peptidoglycan
can live almost anywhere
some helpful some harmful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

describe archaea

A

tiny and simple cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

describe protists

A

more complex, like us
many types include algae and protozoa
some make food some eat other things
Have true nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

describe algae

A

plant like protists
photosynthetic
mostly in water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

describe protozoa

A

one cell eukaryotes
animal like protists
eat other tiny bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

describe fungi

A

multicellular
don’t make food absorb it
help break things down
can be helpful/harmful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

describe viruses

A

need a host to replicate
can cause diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what’s another word for organisms that can cause disease/illness?

A

pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what pathogens cause illness/disease?

A

bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, parasites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

why should we care about these pathogens and them causing illness

A

it can effect the population in a negative manner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is magnification?

A

making something look bigger than what it is.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is total magnification?

A

the combination of the eye piece magnification and the objective lens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is illumination?

A

lighting up something to be seen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is resolution?

A

ability to see fine details in image, basically how sharp/clear something is

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is resolving power?

A

measure of how well a microscope or camera can distinguish between two closely spaced objects.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is staining?

A

adding color to make smaller things in biology easier to see.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

If the resolving power is 200 nm (.2 micrometers), can I resolve two items 100 nm apart?

A

no, ideally you need the objects distance to be higher than the resolving power. In this case distance needs to be <200

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is cell theory?

A

all living things are made of cells, and the basic unit of structure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what scientists help discover cell theory

A

Robert Hooke, Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann, and Rudolf Virchow,

24
Q

one key researcher in spontaneous generation was Francesco Redi what did he find

A

worked with an experiment with covered meat to see if maggots would appear he helped disprove spontaneous generation1

25
Q

a key researcher of spontaneous generation Antoine van Leeuwenhoek did what?

A

helped develop microscopes to see tiny microorganisms

26
Q

a key researcher in spontaneous generation was Lazzaro Spallanzani what did he do

A

boiled liquids and sealed them to counter the idea of spontaneous generation

27
Q

what did Louis Pasteur do for spontaneous generation

A

proved that microorganisms could not appear in sterile broth if it remained sealed.

28
Q

what did John Tyndall do for spontaneous generation

A

showed there were heat resistant microbial heat spores

29
Q

simply what is endosymbiosis

A

simple cells and tinier cells working together to become a more complex cell

30
Q

simply explain generalized prokaryote

A

structured like a small simple cell does not have a nucleus. it does have a cell wall, cytoplasm, cell membrane, DNA, ribosomes

31
Q

Membrane (bacteria vs archaea vs eukaryote ) differences

A

the archaea have a monolayer unlike the others with a bilayer.
the bacteria has a bilayer and cell wall made of peptidoglycan
eukaryotes have a bilayer but do not have a peptidoglycan layer, instead can be covered by chitin or cellulose

32
Q

key things about gram + cell walls

A

thick peptidoglycan layer in cell wall and no cell membrane

33
Q

key things about gram - cell walls

A

-thinner peptidoglycan layer compared to Gram-positives. This peptidoglycan cell wall s between an inner and outer membrane the cell wall is in the periplasm space

34
Q

acid fast bacteria

A

has a thick cell wall and has mycolic acid making it more resistant to stains

35
Q

what does Glycocalyx do for the bacterial cell?

A

its like a sugary coating, it can be loose and helps with sticking to surfaces

36
Q

what does slime layer do for bacteria?

A

it is slimy and helps bacteria stick and protects them

37
Q

what does capsule layer do for bacteria?

A

tightly packed sugary layer that is like a shield making bacteria dangerous

38
Q

what is the external structure of the s-layer like?

A

like a bullet proof vest

39
Q

what externa structure does flagellum have

A

whip like structure to help movement by propelling

40
Q

external structure of fimbriae

A

little hair like structures to help bacteria grab onto surfaces

41
Q

external structure of Pili

A

similar to fimbriae, longer but fewer hair like structures that seem like hooks

42
Q

explain internal structure of nucleoid

A

less complex and dna is in a long string in a way not chain like in the nuclei

43
Q

what do ribosomes do?

A

make proteins

44
Q

what structures are always there

A

cell membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm, nucleoid

45
Q

differences in g+ and g- cell wall

A

g+ have a thicker peptidoglycan layer

46
Q

difference in g+ and g- membrane

A

g- has an outer membrane

47
Q

g+ and g- capsule

A

g+ can have a capsule but less common in comparison to g- capsule which is there to evade immune system

48
Q

which one has a periplasm the space between the inner and outer membrane g- or g+?

A

g-

49
Q

internal structure of the nuclear membrane explain

A

protective shell around the nucleus and it has tiny opening to allow certain things to pass

50
Q

explain the internal layer of nucleus

A

there is the nuclear envelope controlling what comes in and out the nucleus including the chromatin holding dna and nucleoli for protein synthesis

51
Q

structure of smooth/rough ER

A

Rough ER makes proteins and the smooth ER deals with lipid

52
Q

explain the golgi

A

receives proteins and moves it to the proper place within or outside the cell`

53
Q

simply explain motility mechanisms

A

help movement

54
Q

what is usually always present

A

cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and genetic material

55
Q

what is variable

A

cell walls, nuclear membrane, organelles, flagella and cilia , pili and fimbriae

56
Q

what are plants cell walls made of?

A

cellulose

57
Q

what are fungi cell walls made of

A

chitin

bio 211 test 1 study guide (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions