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Microbiology > Microbial Genetics/Genetic Engeneer > Flashcards

Microbial Genetics/Genetic Engeneer Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

9,24

A
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2
Q

What is chromolin

A

It’s what DNA and chromosomes are made of

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3
Q

What is transcription

A

Genetic material READ BY ENZYMES from a single cell to build protein.

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4
Q

What la translation

A

the process by which a CELL MAKES PROTEIN. using the genetic information carried in messenger RNA (mRNA).

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5
Q

What does chromosomes contain

A

DNA

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6
Q

What does chromosomes become

A

Protein

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7
Q

It’s where RNA and MRNA is generated at

A

Translation

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8
Q

Explain elongation

A

Initiation of synthesis

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9
Q

Explain elongation

A

RNA gets longer and polymerase walks along with one strand of DNA

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10
Q

Polymerase

A

A MOLECULE that CARRY and SEND DNA INFORMATION out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm where it will meet ribosomes

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11
Q

Where does translation occur

A

I’m the ribosomes

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12
Q

What does acts as a code for protein

A

Mrsn

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13
Q

How many basisin MRNA each coden has

A

3 RNNs

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14
Q

What basin is ?

A
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15
Q

How basins are read?

A
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16
Q

During translation what does codon looks for

A

Anticodon

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17
Q

How many confines are found on the reading frame ?

A

64

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18
Q

Regulator of protein synthesis

A

Activator
Represors
SiRNA

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19
Q

Activators

A

Help RNA poly attach to the gene

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20
Q

Represor

A

Decrease or inhibit the rate of prescription

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21
Q

Oestrogen

A

It’s an activator that moves from cytoplasm to the cell

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22
Q

SiRNA

A

Double strand RNA that interfere with transcription

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23
Q

Types of gene mutation

A

Substitution
Insertion
Deletion

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24
Q

Substitution

A

Wrong basis matched

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25
Q

Insertion

A

Extra base added

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26
Q

Deletion

A

A base is removed

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27
Q

Frameshift mutation

A

When reading frame had been SHIFTED or SUBSTITUTED or ADICIONAL frame

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28
Q

Which are the mutation on chromosome

A

Duplication
Deletion
Inversion
Translocation

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29
Q

Inversion

A

A portion of chromosome brakes and REATTACH IN THE REVERSE direction

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30
Q

Translocation

A

a piece of chromosome breaks and ATTACHED TO ANOTHER CHROMOSOME

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31
Q

Describe DNA recombination effect

A

Broken DNA recombine to produce New combination of alleles

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32
Q

What’s a genome

A

GEnetic MAterial found in the NUCLEUS

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33
Q

What’s a gene

A

Segment of DNA on a Chomosome

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34
Q

What is genotype

A

Set of genes for one or more specific traits

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35
Q

What is phenotype

A

Characteristics

36
Q

Draw a picture of all the important chemical groups picture of a length DNA

A

Sugar phosphate
Base pairs
Adenine. Thiamine
Guanine. Cytosine

37
Q

How DNA replication takes place

A

. DNA separate each side
.Helicase unwind double helix
.Proteins keep sided separated
.DNA polymerase walks down DNA strands

38
Q

Wha is Okazaki fragments

A

Make up the lagging strand of new DNA
(Short DNA segments)

39
Q

What is leading and strands

Single DNA strand during replication is replicated CONTINUOUSLY in the 3 to 5 direction

A

What’s lagging

Single DNA strand during replication is replicated in the 3 to 5 direction

40
Q

New and old version of central dogma

A
41
Q

What is the difference between RNA and DNA

A
42
Q

What is transcription

A

RNA SYNTHESIZED

From DNA templates

43
Q

Which are the three RNS involved in transcription

A

DNA templates
Raw material
Proteins to catalyze synthesis of RNA

44
Q

Codon

A

Genetic code encoded into proteins

45
Q

And anticodon

A

A nucleotide that recognize Codone on an MRNA

46
Q

Name of Molecule in which promoter, stat Codone and A and P sites appear

A

A And p sítes are aminoácids on the tRNA and rRNA forming a long aminoácids

47
Q

How is the transcription and translation of ukaryotic

A

In the nucleus of the cell then initiation, elongation and termination

Translation, elongation,termination, recapping

48
Q

How’s the transcription and translation of prokaryotes

A

The process in which RNA transcripts of genetic material is produced to be translated for proteins

49
Q

Important advantages of arranging hens in operon

A

Opero responsable for regulate other genes for protein synthesis

50
Q

Which kind of antibiotics targets transcription and translation machinery

A
51
Q

Mutation

A

Change i. The DNA vase sequence

52
Q

Benefits of mutation

A

Esencial for evolution. Increase genetic variation , individual differ

53
Q

Frameshift

A

Addition or deletion

54
Q

Nosense

A

Change Codone (encode an aminoácido) to stop a Codone

55
Q

Silent

A

Does not affect sequence of amino acids

56
Q

Missense mutation

A

Change a CODON and a NEW PROTEIN is created

57
Q

What is Recombinant

A

Joining DNAs from two different sources

58
Q

Horizontal gene transfer use in bacteria

A

When an organism transfers genetic material to another organism that is not its offspring

59
Q

Genetic engineering and Recombinant DNA

A

the shuffling of genes (alleles) between chromosomes.

60
Q

Basic elements of genetic engineering

A

Identification
Isolation
Cloning

61
Q

Application of genetic engineering

A

Fragments of DNA that gens are isolated to form recombinant DNA

62
Q

Which are the tools and techniques of genetic engineering

A
63
Q

Which are the methods in recombinant DNA technology

A
64
Q

How organisms are genetically modified

A
65
Q

How to introduce DNA into the body

A
66
Q

Describe the map and profiles when analyzing Genome

A
67
Q

Provide examples of genetic manipulation in praxis

A
68
Q

What is restriction endonuclease to genetic engineering

A
69
Q

Why is so important restriction endonuclease to genetic engineering

A
70
Q

What is gel electrophoresis

A

Targeting a gel with a mutation. Separating segments of DNA

71
Q

How gel electrophoresis help help in the analytic DNA

A

Separating segments of DNA

72
Q

What is southern blots

A

To analizar DNA

73
Q

How genes probes figure in southern blots

A

Use to search for its complementary sequence in a genome

74
Q

What is the process of DNA secuencie

A

Amplification
Purification
Sequencing
Analysts

75
Q

What is polymerase chain reaction

A

Target specific fragments of DNA and artificially amplified

76
Q

Which are the steps in the reaction of polymerase chain

A
77
Q

How to clone a gene into bacterium

A

Transformation

78
Q

What is recombinant of genetic engineering

A

Ability to anti parallel and to recognize and bind specific sequence

79
Q

Name some Recombinant products that have contributed to human health

A

Insulin and growth hormones

80
Q

Explain Recombinant-ion of bacteria plants and animals

A

Conjugation

81
Q

What is somatic therapy

A

Excercise

82
Q

What is her germline gene therapy

A

Production of milk

83
Q

Describe the gene silencing strategy

A

No effect in the aminoácidos sequence

84
Q

What are the steps in DNA profiling

A

Extradition
Quantification
Amplification
Capillary electrophoresis

85
Q

Wha is single nucleotide polymorphism

A

Replacement

86
Q

What is DNA microarray analysis

A

Tool to identify if DNA contains mutation

87
Q

Describe the utility of DNA microarray analysis

A

Identification of tumors

Microbiology (6 decks)

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