Microbial Genetics/Genetic Engeneer Flashcards
1
Q
9,24
A
2
Q
What is chromolin
A
It’s what DNA and chromosomes are made of
3
Q
What is transcription
A
Genetic material READ BY ENZYMES from a single cell to build protein.
4
Q
What la translation
A
the process by which a CELL MAKES PROTEIN. using the genetic information carried in messenger RNA (mRNA).
5
Q
What does chromosomes contain
A
DNA
6
Q
What does chromosomes become
A
Protein
7
Q
It’s where RNA and MRNA is generated at
A
Translation
8
Q
Explain elongation
A
Initiation of synthesis
9
Q
Explain elongation
A
RNA gets longer and polymerase walks along with one strand of DNA
10
Q
Polymerase
A
A MOLECULE that CARRY and SEND DNA INFORMATION out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm where it will meet ribosomes
11
Q
Where does translation occur
A
I’m the ribosomes
12
Q
What does acts as a code for protein
A
Mrsn
13
Q
How many basisin MRNA each coden has
A
3 RNNs
14
Q
What basin is ?
A
15
Q
How basins are read?
A
16
Q
During translation what does codon looks for
A
Anticodon
17
Q
How many confines are found on the reading frame ?
A
64
18
Q
Regulator of protein synthesis
A
Activator
Represors
SiRNA
19
Q
Activators
A
Help RNA poly attach to the gene
20
Q
Represor
A
Decrease or inhibit the rate of prescription
21
Q
Oestrogen
A
It’s an activator that moves from cytoplasm to the cell
22
Q
SiRNA
A
Double strand RNA that interfere with transcription
23
Q
Types of gene mutation
A
Substitution
Insertion
Deletion
24
Q
Substitution
A
Wrong basis matched
25
Insertion
Extra base added
26
Deletion
A base is removed
27
Frameshift mutation
When reading frame had been SHIFTED or SUBSTITUTED or ADICIONAL frame
28
Which are the mutation on chromosome
Duplication
Deletion
Inversion
Translocation
29
Inversion
A portion of chromosome brakes and REATTACH IN THE REVERSE direction
30
Translocation
a piece of chromosome breaks and ATTACHED TO ANOTHER CHROMOSOME
31
Describe DNA recombination effect
Broken DNA recombine to produce New combination of alleles
32
What’s a genome
GEnetic MAterial found in the NUCLEUS
33
What’s a gene
Segment of DNA on a Chomosome
34
What is genotype
Set of genes for one or more specific traits
35
What is phenotype
Characteristics
36
Draw a picture of all the important chemical groups picture of a length DNA
Sugar phosphate
Base pairs
Adenine. Thiamine
Guanine. Cytosine
37
How DNA replication takes place
. DNA separate each side
.Helicase unwind double helix
.Proteins keep sided separated
.DNA polymerase walks down DNA strands
38
Wha is Okazaki fragments
Make up the lagging strand of new DNA
(Short DNA segments)
39
What is leading and strands
Single DNA strand during replication is replicated CONTINUOUSLY in the 3 to 5 direction
What’s lagging
Single DNA strand during replication is replicated in the 3 to 5 direction
40
New and old version of central dogma
41
What is the difference between RNA and DNA
42
What is transcription
RNA SYNTHESIZED
From DNA templates
43
Which are the three RNS involved in transcription
DNA templates
Raw material
Proteins to catalyze synthesis of RNA
44
Codon
Genetic code encoded into proteins
45
And anticodon
A nucleotide that recognize Codone on an MRNA
46
Name of Molecule in which promoter, stat Codone and A and P sites appear
A And p sítes are aminoácids on the tRNA and rRNA forming a long aminoácids
47
How is the transcription and translation of ukaryotic
In the nucleus of the cell then initiation, elongation and termination
Translation, elongation,termination, recapping
48
How’s the transcription and translation of prokaryotes
The process in which RNA transcripts of genetic material is produced to be translated for proteins
49
Important advantages of arranging hens in operon
Opero responsable for regulate other genes for protein synthesis
50
Which kind of antibiotics targets transcription and translation machinery
51
Mutation
Change i. The DNA vase sequence
52
Benefits of mutation
Esencial for evolution. Increase genetic variation , individual differ
53
Frameshift
Addition or deletion
54
Nosense
Change Codone (encode an aminoácido) to stop a Codone
55
Silent
Does not affect sequence of amino acids
56
Missense mutation
Change a CODON and a NEW PROTEIN is created
57
What is Recombinant
Joining DNAs from two different sources
58
Horizontal gene transfer use in bacteria
When an organism transfers genetic material to another organism that is not its offspring
59
Genetic engineering and Recombinant DNA
the shuffling of genes (alleles) between chromosomes.
60
Basic elements of genetic engineering
Identification
Isolation
Cloning
61
Application of genetic engineering
Fragments of DNA that gens are isolated to form recombinant DNA
62
Which are the tools and techniques of genetic engineering
63
Which are the methods in recombinant DNA technology
64
How organisms are genetically modified
65
How to introduce DNA into the body
66
Describe the map and profiles when analyzing Genome
67
Provide examples of genetic manipulation in praxis
68
What is restriction endonuclease to genetic engineering
69
Why is so important restriction endonuclease to genetic engineering
70
What is gel electrophoresis
Targeting a gel with a mutation. Separating segments of DNA
71
How gel electrophoresis help help in the analytic DNA
Separating segments of DNA
72
What is southern blots
To analizar DNA
73
How genes probes figure in southern blots
Use to search for its complementary sequence in a genome
74
What is the process of DNA secuencie
Amplification
Purification
Sequencing
Analysts
75
What is polymerase chain reaction
Target specific fragments of DNA and artificially amplified
76
Which are the steps in the reaction of polymerase chain
77
How to clone a gene into bacterium
Transformation
78
What is recombinant of genetic engineering
Ability to anti parallel and to recognize and bind specific sequence
79
Name some Recombinant products that have contributed to human health
Insulin and growth hormones
80
Explain Recombinant-ion of bacteria plants and animals
Conjugation
81
What is somatic therapy
Excercise
82
What is her germline gene therapy
Production of milk
83
Describe the gene silencing strategy
No effect in the aminoácidos sequence
84
What are the steps in DNA profiling
Extradition
Quantification
Amplification
Capillary electrophoresis
85
Wha is single nucleotide polymorphism
Replacement
86
What is DNA microarray analysis
Tool to identify if DNA contains mutation
87
Describe the utility of DNA microarray analysis
Identification of tumors
