Microbial Genetics Flashcards
Who coined the word “Genetics”?
William Bateson
Describe Genetic variation in two words
Biological differences
Describe Genetic inheritance in two words
Biological similarities
All mutations are bad. True or false?
False. There are mutations leading to better traits like the mutation in LRD5 gene for “unbreakable bones”
What is the difference between the Genome and the genotype of humans?
Genome is the entire genetic compliment of composition of humans or any organism. Including both the expressible genes and other nucleotide bases used for linking the genes
What is the difference between the gene and DNA?
A gene is a specific and CODING nucleotide sequences which is a short stretch of the DNA coding for traits (a function piece of the DNA). DNA is a larger molecule composed of chains of nucleotides containing both the coding and the non-coding sequences.
Distinguishing factor between DNA and Gene when it comes to protein making
Not all the sequences of nucleotides in the DNA codes for a protein, while all genes which are the function pieces of DNA definitely codes for a protein
Difference in the functions of DNA and genes
DNA = securely store and transfer genetic information be it a coding sequence, or the supporting and linking non-coding sequences. Genes = protein synthesis since embedded in the gene are the codes for making it and manifesting life.
What is made from the function part of the DNA
Proteins via translation of mRNA
One human chromosome contains how many molecules of DNA?
Only One
How many chromosomes does humans have?
46 chromosomes
Percentage of all the genes in the total genome of humans
3%
Does a trait always needs only one gene found in the DNA to manifest?
There are single gene traits –> Traits which only needs a single gene for manifestation. But there are genetic traits which are products and determined by the interaction between several genes. (Diff Genes = 1 trait)
Difference between the genome and a DNA Molecule
The genome is the totality of these DNA found and genetic information in an organism. A DNA molecule is the totality of genetic information in a single chromosome (not the same with the other chromosomes’, and contains the coding and the non-coding). The genome is a larger portion, while a DNA molecule is just a part of it.
Why is there a notion about genes being made up of DNA, if the DNA is a larger molecule than genes?
The DNA implied here is a strand, not the entire molecule of DNA. Since genes are located in a specific region in the DNA, one can say that a gene is composed of DNA (sequences of nucleotides in a strand)
