Microbial Genetics Flashcards
phenotype
traits/genes that are expressed by an organism
genotype
all the genes that are expressed by an organism
how can two organisms of the same species have the same genotype but a different phenotype?
organisms can turn on and off genes they have
- ex. E. coli
what are the bases for DNA?
A, G, T, C
what are the bases for RNA?
A
G
U
C
what is the molecule shape for DNA?
double helix
what is the molecule shape for RNA?
single strand
what type of carbon sugar is DNA?
deoxyribose (5 C)
what type of carbon sugar is RNA?
ribose (5 C)
where is the phosphate bonded in DNA
5’
where is the phosphate bonded in RNA
5’
where is the base bonded in DNA
1’
where is the base bonded in RNA
1’
what is the function of DNA?
encodes for everything we need to live (all biological molecules)
what are the types of RNA
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
what is the function of mRNA
encodes for proteins /stuff from the DNA
what is the function of tRNA
transfer, pick up amino acids and carry them around cell
what is the function of rRNA
protein synthesis, make up ribosomes
what is a gene?
some DNA sequence (nucleotides) that encode for functional products (proteins)
describe the base pairing in a DNA molecule
complementary
2 H bonds between A and T
3 H bonds between C and G
what does it mean that DNA replication is semiconservative
1 parent and 1 daughter strand that form double helix
prokaroytes typically have ____ circular chromosome
one
prokaryotes typically have one chromosome with ______ origin of replication
one
DNA synthesis on the ______ is continuous while synthesis on the _______ strand is discontinuous
leading
lagging
