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Microbial Control > Microbial Control > Flashcards

Microbial Control Flashcards

1
Q

Sterilization

A

Killing ALL microbes

Example: canned food

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2
Q

Disinfection

A

Removal of vegetative of pathogens
Used on inanimate surfaces

Example: Hydrogen peroxide - disinfect surfaces; Vinegar, Chloride bleach, Lysol. Can also be used for sterilization

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3
Q

Sanitization

A

Reduction in # of microbes from inanimate objects
Meet acceptable safe public health standards

Example: washing utensils in scalding water

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4
Q

Antimicrobials

A

Disinfecting agents naturally produced by microorganisms

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5
Q

Asepsis

A

Techniques that prevent the entry of microorganism a into sterile tissue

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6
Q

Antisepsis

A

Application of chemicals to body surfaces

Reduced microbial to skin or tissue

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7
Q

Aseptic technique

A

Prevent microbial (pathogenic) contamination

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8
Q

Degerming

A

Scrubbing with or use of mild chemical.

Example: washing hands, soap, alcohol swab

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9
Q

Bactericide

A

Chemicals that kill vegetative cells and may not kill the spores

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10
Q

Bacteriostatic

A

Inhibits microbial metabolism and growth

Example: freezing below 0°C

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11
Q

Physical methods

A

Heat, low temp., desiccation, radiation, filtration, osmotic pressure, physical cleaning

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12
Q

Heat

A

Can cause the protein to denature and enzyme to change shape

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13
Q

Hand washing

A

Degerming

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14
Q

Sonication

A

a high-frequency ultrasound waves to disrupt cell structures. Causes rapid changes in pressure within the intracellular liquid leading to Cavitation

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15
Q

Filtration

A

Separating microbes from samples; No killing of microbes or inhibit growth

Air filtration via HEPA filter remove microbial from air
Membrane filtration remove microbial from liquid solution

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16
Q

Lyophilization

A

Freezing and drying technique- Freeze-dried

Preserve microbes and other cells for many years.

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17
Q

Dessication

A

Lack or Removal of water- Drying

Microbes cannot grow but will remain VIABLE

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18
Q

Low temp.

A

Refrigeration; Slow down on the growth of bacteria

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19
Q

Incineration (direct flame)

A

Prevent microbial contamination

Example:Sterilize by flaming a loop in direct heat

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20
Q

Four Biosafety Levels

A

BSL1 -do not cause disease in humans.
BSL2- Handling moderately hazardous agents.
BSL3- All manipulations of microbes done in safety cabinets.
BSL4-Can cause severe disease or fatal; Lab space is isolated, and protective suits are worn.

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21
Q

Boiling

A

Moist-heat control of microbes; kills vegetative cells

and enveloped viruses

22
Q

Autoclave

A

Moist-heat control of microbes; Sterilized surgical equipment from vegetative cells, viruses, and especially endospores

23
Q

Pasteurization

A

Use of Heat to kill pathogens
Reduce the number /slow the growth of spoilage microorganisms in food and beverages.

Example: milk, ice cream, yogurt and fruit juice.

24
Q

Halogens

A

Example: Iodine, Chlorine, Bromine, and Fluorine Kills a wide variety of organisms; convenient & inexpensive.
Damage proteins by denaturation

25
Q

Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

A

Germicidal

Inexpensive, Stable, Non-toxic

26
Q

Aldehydes

A

Denature Proteins & inactive nucleic acids

27
Q

Heavy Metals

A

Denature Proteins
Inexpensive.
Silver nitrate prevent blindness caused by
N. gonorrhoeae

28
Q

Phenols

A

Clean up vomit, pus, feces and they remain active on surfaces for a prolonged time
Damage membrane.

Example: Lysol.

29
Q

Alcohols

A

Used for Antisepsis and Disinfection.

Damage membrane & Denature protein.

30
Q

Halogens

A

Example: Iodine, Chlorine, Bromine, and Fluorine Kills a wide variety of organisms; convenient & inexpensive.
Denature protein

31
Q

Peroxide

A

As in hydrogen peroxide-use to disinfect & sterilize

32
Q

Aldehydes

A

Denature Proteins &

Inactive nucleic acids

33
Q

Heavy Metals

A

Denature Proteins
Inexpensive.
Silver nitrate prevents blindness caused by
gonorrhea

34
Q

Ethylene oxide

A

Toxic to humans; used to sterilize mattress

Cannot be exposed to heat or water

35
Q

Peracetic acid

A

Sporicidal (killing spores)

& sterilizing equipment

36
Q

Peroxide

A

As in hydrogen peroxide

Use to disinfect & sterilize

37
Q

3 Most resistant groups of microbes

A

Bacterial Endospores
Mycobacteria
Protozoa

38
Q

Protozoa

A

Prevent entry of most disinfectants, protects against drying, and shields against radiation and heat.

39
Q

Thermal Death Point (TDP)

A

The lowest temperature all microbes are killed

in a 10-minute exposure.

40
Q

Thermal Death Time (TDT)

A

The length of time needed to kill all microorganisms in a sample at a given temperature.

41
Q

Microbial Death Curve

A

The logarithmic decline of living microbes exposed to a method of microbial control/protocol.

42
Q

Decimal Reduction Time

A

The time it takes for a protocol to 90% reduction in the microbial population

43
Q

High temp. short-time (HTST) - Pasteur.

A

Used to pasteurize milk that will be Refrigerated

44
Q

Ionizing radiation

A

Can break DNA molecules; strong enough to pass through cells

Example: X-rays, Gamma Rays, and High-energy Electron Beam

45
Q

Non-ionizing radiation

A

Used for Sterilization. Can break DNA molecules.

Example: Ultraviolet (UV) light/ray

46
Q

Selective toxicity

A

Selectively kills or inhibits the growth of microbial targets while causing minimal or no harm to the host.

47
Q

Broad band Antimicrobial

A

Kills microbiota causing drug-resistant pathogens

Superinfection: 2nd infection in a patient having a preexisting infection

48
Q

Narrow-Spectrum Antimicrobial

A

Only specific subsets of bacterial pathogens are targeted, either gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria

49
Q

Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial AKA Polymicrobic infections

A

A mixed infection with multiple bacterial species in both gram-positive and gram-negative species.
Used while waiting for the laboratory identification of the infecting pathogen

50
Q

Dilution test

A

The standard test used in the United States for evaluating the efficiency of antiseptics and disinfectants

51
Q

6 way antimicrobial agents can target pathogens

A
  1. Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
  2. Inhibition of protein synthesis
  3. Disruption of cytoplasmic membranes
  4. Inhibition of metabolic pathways
  5. Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis
  6. Prevention of virus attachment

Microbial Control (1 decks)

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