Microbial causes of Diarrhoea Flashcards
What are the four most common viruses associated with diarrhoea?
Rotavirus
Norovirus
Astrovirus
Enteric Adenovirus
Which microorganism does the following history describe:
- leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide
- affects nearly all children worldwide
- peak incidence is 6-24 months old
- causes up to 40% of severe acute diarrhoea in infants
- infectious due to high titers in stools
- vaccine available and used in some countries
Rotavirus
Which microorganism does the following history describe:
- 2nd most common cause of severe AD in children in industralised countries
- most common cause of AD outbreaks (typically winter)
- highly contagious
- transmitted by direct person-person spread
- through contaminated food and also through vomit
Norovirus
Which microorganism does the following history describe:
- sporadic AD mainly in young children
- more common in winter months
- cause outbreaks in institutions
- may be shed in stool several weeks after illness
[] longer in immunocompromised children
Astrovirus
Which microorganism does the following history describe:
- AD throughout the year, primarily in young children
Enteric Adenovirus
What are the most common types of bacteria associated with diarrhoea?
Campylobacter
Salmonella
Diarrhoeagenic E.coli
Cholera
Shigellosis
Typhoid
Clostridium difficile
Which microorganism does the following history describe:
- present in GI tract of mammals and birds
- animal faeces are source of infection
- transmitted by: contaminated food, undercooked poulty, unpasteurised milk, person-person contact
- faecal shedding of bacteria persists 2-3 weeks
- Second most common cause of travellers diarrhoea
Campylobacter
Which microorganism does the following history describe:
- Highest infection rates in infants and young children
- Present in GI tract of animals and reptiles (incl. pets)
- Transmission mainly by animal foods: poultry, eggs, dairy, beef, fish
- Faecal shedding persists for several weeks, ecp. in younger children
- faecal shedding can be prolonged by antibiotics
- 1% become chronic carriers with faecal shedding >1 year
Salmonella
What are the five main strains of Diarrhoeagenic E coli?
ETEC - Enterotoxigen E.coli
EHEC - Enterohaemorrhagic E.coli
EPEC - Enteropathogenic E.coli
EIEC - Enteroinvasive E.coli
EAEC -Enteroaggerative E.coli
Which bacteria is transmitted from:
- contaminated food
- contaminated water with human/animal faeces
- direct person contact with infected case or carrier
Diarrhoegenic E.coli
Which microorganism does the following history describe:
- most common cause of diarrhoea in USA
- shed in cattle faeces
- occurs sporadically and in outbreaks
- associated with haemolytic uraemic syndrome
Enterohaemorrhagic E.coli
Which microorganism does the following history describe:
- causes hundreds of millions of cases of AD every year including tens of thousands deaths in infants and young children in developing countries
- major cause of diarrhoea in travellers to countries with poor sanitation
ETEC
Which microorganism does the following history describe:
- Endemic in many countries with poor sanitation and lack of safe water
- occurs in outbreaks, esp. following contamination of water supply during natural disasters, wars etc.
Cholera
Which microorganism does the following history describe:
- Endemic in countries with poor sanitation
- causes severe dysentry mainlu in children
Shigellosis
Which microorganism does the following history describe:
- Endemic in S. Asia, SE. Asia, Africa, S. America, E. Europe
Typhoid
