Microbes, Aseptic Techniques, Microscopes

Question 1

microbes

Answer 1

any organism that can’t be seen with the naked eye

Question 2

difference between a prokaryote and eukaryote cell

Answer 2

prokaryotes lack a nucleus (DNA floating in cytoplasm)

Question 3

“first” cell type

Answer 3

prokaryote

Question 4

characteristics of prokaryotes

Answer 4

low life expectancy, mutates fast, hard to control, lacks most organelles

Question 5

organelles that prokaryotes do have

Answer 5

ribosomes, cell membrane, cell wall

Question 6

what can be used to identify types of bacteria

Answer 6

cell wall

Question 7

characteristics of eukaryotes

Answer 7

more developed cell with a nucleus and specialized organelles

Question 8

two domains of prokaryotes

Answer 8

Bacteria and Archaea

Question 9

archaea

Answer 9

live in hostile environments, anaerobic

Question 10

anaerobic

Answer 10

does not require oxygen

Question 11

how long has bacteria been around

Answer 11

3.7 billion years, they’ve adapted to almost every niche

Question 12

what do microbes do

Answer 12

cause disease, help their host, maintain ecosystems, alter climate

Question 13

disease causing bacteria are called

Answer 13

pathogens

Question 14

types of pathogens

Answer 14

Bacteria, viruses, protozoa, fungi, helminths

Question 15

how do microbes help their hosts

Answer 15

aid in digestion, make vitamins, detoxify chemicals, develop the immune system, fight off invaders

Question 16

how do bacteria maintain ecosystems

Answer 16

cycle nutrients, cycle metals, decompose, fix O2 CO2 and N2, food source, bioremediation

Question 17

how do bacteria alter climate

Answer 17

seed clouds, produce O2, sequester CO2

Question 18

why study microorganisms

Answer 18

they are the most abundant, diverse, ancient, and fastest evolving organisms on Earth, there is still much to learn, an opportunity to study processes common to all life, prepares us to fight disease, microbial enzymes are useful, used in genetic engineering research

Question 19

microbial enzymes help us make

Answer 19

biofuels, foods, meds, and industrial products

Question 20

What is an aseptic technique?

Answer 20

a method followed to prevent contamination

Question 21

three ways to reduce contamination

Answer 21

sterilization, disinfect, antiseptic

Question 22

sterilization

Answer 22

kill off all bacteria

Question 23

main method of sterilization

Answer 23

heat

Question 24

what must be sterilized

Answer 24

anything that touches bacteria

Question 25

disinfect

Answer 25

harsh chemicals that are harmful to cells

Question 26

what are disinfectants used on

Answer 26

inanimate objects

Question 27

antiseptics

Answer 27

chemicals safe to use on living cells

Question 28

common antiseptic

Answer 28

ethyl alcohol

Question 29

what does ethyl alcohol do

Answer 29

dehydrates bacteria

Question 30

what do disinfectants and antiseptics have in common

Answer 30

they DO NOT kill all bacteria, only reduces risk of contamination

Question 31

agar

Answer 31

medium used to grow bacterial cultures

Question 32

what is agar composed of

Answer 32

nutrients and water

Question 33

colony characteristics

Answer 33

color, size, form, elevation, apperance

Question 34

inoculate

Answer 34

transfer bacteria from one medium to another

Question 35

general rule for using a compound microscope

Answer 35

multiply objective magnification by eyepiece magnification