Microbes

Question 1

_____ are chemicals produced by microorganisms to kill of prevent the growth of other micro organisms

Answer 1

Antibiotics

Question 2

Antibiotic Resistance

Answer 2

develops through random genetic mutation of bacteria

Question 3

is the resistance bacteria that survives the antibiotics, then rapidly multiply and path the resistance gene

Answer 3

Natural selection

Question 4

_____ is another name for anaerobic respiration of glucose and production of ethanol- alcohol

Answer 4

Fermentation

Question 5

____ is when the DNA copies itself the bacteria/cell/cell membrane/cytoplasm pinches together, two bacteria form – this is called…

Answer 5

Binary fission

Question 6

_____ are small, tough coated reproductive cells; means of dispersal for fungi

Answer 6

Spores

Question 7

_____ is the swellings at the tips of fungal hyphae that contain / make spores

Answer 7

Sporangium

Question 8

____ is the name for the fungal ‘threads” used for feeding / growth / spreading / anchoring / water absorption

Answer 8

Hyphae

Question 9

____ makes CO2 or alcohol (ethanol) when they carry out feeding or respiration or excretion or fermentation

Answer 9

Yeast

Question 10

_____ gas produced by yeast makes the dough rise/beer fizz/wine bubble

Answer 10

Carbon Dioxide

Question 11

____ is produced by yeast, makes the beer or wine alcoholic

Answer 11

Ethanol

Question 12

Outer Protein coat of viruses

Answer 12

protein coat / caspid

Question 13

type of microbes that need a host/living cell to reproduce/replicate

Answer 13

viruses

Question 14

you can suffer over and over from the common cold or flu because…

Answer 14

viruses mutate/change form / structure / coat / genetic material

Question 15

part of the virus that is recognised by the immune system is the

Answer 15

proteins/antigens

Question 16

nutrient agar jelly is not a living medium and so it can’t be used to grow…

Answer 16

Viruses

Question 17

disease‐causing organism /microorganism

Answer 17

Pathogen

Question 18

Useful Products like Yoghurt, Cheese, Compost, made by

Answer 18

Bacteria

Question 19

Useful Products mushrooms, cheese, yeast, bread, wine, beer, and antibiotics made by

Answer 19

Fungi

Question 20

Useful Process sewage digestion, recycling C & N, aid to our digestive system, decomposing carried out by

Answer 20

Bacteria

Question 21

Useful Process to kill pests / rabbits, gene therapy, vectors carried out by

Answer 21

Viruses

Question 22

chemicals that kill / eliminate / destroy / inhibit growth of microorganisms/ bacteria in places like floors and toilets

Answer 22

Disinfectants

Question 23

overuse or inappropriate use of antibiotics may lead to

Answer 23

antibiotic resistance

Question 24

a cold, cough or the flu, are all viral and don’t respond to

Answer 24

antibiotics

Question 25

food‐producing animals are given antibiotic drugs that can cause microbes to become _________ to drugs used to treat human illness

Answer 25

Resistant

Question 26

antibiotic _______ can passed on to subsequent generations, so the antibiotic will no longer work

Answer 26

resistance

Question 27

by finishing a course of antibiotics more bacteria will be _____

Answer 27

killed

Question 28

___ can occur in bacterial populations which may lead to antibiotic resistance, and may allow them to survive

Answer 28

variation / mutations

Question 29

____ can only reproduce inside a host cell because they have no chemical processes of their own. (Eg raw materials, energy and enzymes are supplied by host cell)

Answer 29

viruses

Question 30

_____ can feed / grow / reproduce / perform life functions on bread

Answer 30

Fungi

Question 31

A _____ stimulates the immune system / defenses / causes the body to produce antibodies

Answer 31

vaccine / infection

Question 32

the body produces _____________ antibodies to fight a particular infection

Answer 32

specific

Question 33

a mutation / new strain of virus is not recognized by the body’s immune system. Therefore an individual is still likely to catch (a slightly different form of) the same….

Answer 33

disease

Question 34

a vaccine only works if the viral strain is the _____ as the immunity that has been built up

Answer 34

same

Question 35

Staphylococcus (boils & pimples), Streptococcus (sore throats), Salmonella, Treponema (syphilis) are all diseases caused by

Answer 35

bacteria

Question 36

____ feeds on dead organic matter (and animal waste)

Answer 36

saprophyte / saprophytic fungi and/or bacteria

Question 37

____ feeds on living organic matter / material / host

Answer 37

parasite / parasitic fungi | and/or bacteria

Question 38

exponential growth of bacteria cannot continue indefinitely due to limiting factors such as ____

Answer 38

lack of space, nutrients, maybe O2 (if aerobic)

Question 39

exponential growth of bacteria cannot continue indefinitely as they become poisoned by their own

Answer 39

excretion / excretory products

Question 40

feeding / secretion of enzymes / extracellular digestion / securing fungus to substrate / absorb water and/or nutrients and/or food is done by fungal ______

Answer 40

hyphae

Question 41

Another name for the fermentation (of glucose) AND production of ethanol / alcohol AND CO2 is ____

Answer 41

anaerobic respiration

Question 42

Without ____ , nutrients would not be available / would run out / be all locked up in dead animals and plants, and animal waste

Answer 42

decomposition / decomposers / saprophytes

Question 43

large numbers produced quickly / inability to identify as in the host cell / destruction of host cell – are reasons why a _____ can make us sick

Answer 43

virus

Question 44

DNA / RNA alters frequently / virus mutates quickly requiring new antibody so we don’t become immune to the common _____

Answer 44

cold (also flu)

Question 45

THREE conditions required for bacteria to reproduce

Answer 45

3 from: Warmth, moisture, food source, space.

Question 46

bacteria reproduce on food if conditions allow growth. The bacteria release _____ into the food which can be a poison to humans making them sick.

Answer 46

toxins

Question 47

Life process: yoghurt / cheese is produced by the process of _______ of bacteria, which is added to milk

Answer 47

fermentation / respiration

Question 48

Life process: bread / wine is produced by the process of ______ of sugars by yeast

Answer 48

fermentation / anaerobic respiration

Question 49

Life process: bacteria _______ and release carbon dioxide. Carbon Dioxide makes holes in the cheese.

Answer 49

respire

Question 50

Life process: bacteria ______ chemicals / wastes, which add flavour to the cheese & lactic acid causes milk to curdle.

Answer 50

excrete

Question 51

sugar → alcohol +carbon dioxide

Answer 51

anaerobic respiration / fermentation

Question 52

fungi secrete enzymes through walls of their | hyphae, which break down the food into nutrients the digested nutrients are then absorbed. This is __ __

Answer 52

extracellular digestion

Question 53

microbes that break down dead material / recycle nutrients

Answer 53

saprophytes / saprophytic fungi / saprophytic bacteria / decomposers

Question 54

lactic acid (lowers the pH of the milk) allowing the milk (proteins) to curdle/ precipitate solid curds to make ______

Answer 54

yoghurt / cheese

Question 55

Carbon Cycle: Microbe respiration releases carbon dioxide necessary for _____

Answer 55

photosynthesis

Question 56

a _____ is a dead or weakened form of microbe that induces the person’s body to make antibodies in advance, so it will respond quickly and kill that microbe if it infects the body

Answer 56

vaccine

Question 57

Life Process: Some bacteria cause illness. bacteria ______ toxins / substances / chemicals which cause illness

Answer 57

excrete

Question 58

``` Life Process: viruses usually cause illnesses because they______ inside (living) body cells and kill them ```

Answer 58

reproduce

Question 59

Life Process viruses _____ in a living cell, and they can make many hundreds of viruses inside each cell before it dies; this causes many more cells to die and organs to malfunction which leads to illness.

Answer 59

reproduce

Question 60

Life Process:Bacterial ______ doesn’t destroy living cells, but instead increases the number of bacteria so that the amount of toxin they _____ increases

Answer 60

reproduction, excrete

Question 61

A _____ feeds on / eats / gains nutrients from living material / living things / living cells / living tissues / organisms

Answer 61

parasitic

Question 62

Life Process: Viruses ________ inside living body cells causing the cells to die so organs malfunction.

Answer 62

reproduce