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biology january exams 2019 > microbes > Flashcards

microbes Flashcards

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1
Q

what illnesses are bacteria responsible for

A

MRSA
salmonella
tuberculosis
causes food to go off

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2
Q

how is bacteria useful to humans

A

yogurt production
treating sewage
genetic engineering

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3
Q

what infections are fungi responsible

A

athletes foot
ringworm
causes food to go off

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4
Q

how are fungi useful

A

baking industries
brewing industries
cheese industries

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5
Q

why are viruses dangerous

A

they cause the flu
mumps
chicken pox
AIDS

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6
Q

how are viruses useful

A

genetic engineering

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7
Q

why should you always work close to a bunsen while growing microbes

A

the convection currents keep the surface clean

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8
Q

when could aseptic technique be used

A

food poisoning

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9
Q

bacteria grow in groups what are these groups called

A

colonies

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10
Q

definition of outbreak

A

when a disease suddenly spreads amount a population

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11
Q

what are some symptoms of the swine flu

A 
vomiting 
diarrhoea 
coughing 
fever
body pains
stomach upsets
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12
Q

how is the swine flu spread

A

sneezing

coughing

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13
Q

how do you protect against the swine flu

A

good personal hygiene
wash hands
masks

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14
Q

definition of epidemic

A

an outbreak of disease in one country

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15
Q

definition of pandemic

A

a worldwide outbreak

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16
Q

what did fleming discover whenever he came home from his holibobs

A

on an unclean plate there was no longer bacteria and it seemed to radiate of mould

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17
Q

how would the mould have gotten in

A

the plate was left near an open window

18
Q

what did he discover from this

A

the fluid ( penicillin ) was capable of killing bacteria

19
Q

what was the experiment that proved this

A

mice where injected with a lethal dose of bacteria and half where injected with penicillin, that half survived

20
Q

why did milk maids not get small pox

A

because the always had cow pox

the two where so similar that the cow pox antibodies got rid of both

21
Q

what experiment proved this

A

jenner put pus from cow pox into two wounds of a child who hadn’t had either
whenever he recovered he did the same but with the small pox
how body fought it off before it could effect him

22
Q

what is a vaccination injecting into you

A

dead or inactive pathogens

23
Q

what do the antigens on the dew pathogen stimulate the lymphocyte to do

A

produce antibodies and memory cells against the specific pathogen

24
Q

what happens if a living pathogen enter the body now

A

the memory cells produce lots of antibodies very quickly and destroy the pathogen before it makes us sick

25
Q

what three things do phagocytes do

A

surround, engulf and digest pathogens

26
Q

what are the four chambers of the heart called

A

right ventricle
left ventricle
right atrium
left atrium

27
Q

where is the blood coming from and going on the left side of the heart

A

coming from the body and to the lungs

28
Q

where is the blood coming from and going to on the right side of the heart

A

from the lungs and to the body

29
Q

why does an artery have strong walls and thick layers of collagen

A

to withstand high pressure

30
Q

what does a smooth inner layer of endothelin in the artery do

A

reduces friction

31
Q

what size of lumen does a vein have

A

a wide lumen

32
Q

what pressure is the blood coming through the vein at

A

low pressure and usually deoxygenated

33
Q

how many cells thick in a capillary

A

1 cell thick for short diffusion distance

34
Q

what does the capillary do

A

allows exchange between blood and tissues

35
Q

what does the rbc do

A

transported oxygen

36
Q

what pigment do rbc’s contain

A

ion pigment called haemoglobin which helped to pick up oxygen

37
Q

what do wbc do

A

fight infection and protect us from disease

38
Q

how do wbc’s fight infection

A

they detect bacteria and destroy them before they harm the body and produce antibodies

39
Q

what does the plasma do

A

transports dissolves substances ( nutrients )

cells deposit their waste into the plasma

40
Q

what do platelets do

A

clot the blood from a cut to prevent blood loss and bacteria entering
the clot hardens to s scab until new skin grows

biology january exams 2019 (1 decks)

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