MICROBES Flashcards
Any living creature that is small and you cant see with your eyes is known as a
MICROBE
The six most common types of microbes are
Bacteria Virus Fungus Protozoa Algae Archaea
Organisms made of one cell are known as
Unicellular organisms
Are Bacteria unicellular organisms
Yes
There are more bacteria on earth than any other life for, is this statement true
Yes
The smallest microbes are
Virus
Can a Fungus be Unicellular or multicellular
Yes
Other than plants, name a organism that uses the green pigment chlorophyll
Algae
Name the microbe that looks a lot like bacteria but behaves in a different way
Archaea
Name the microbe that can survive in extreme environments like very hot places or strong acids
Archaea
The tool which uses curved glass lenses to make things look bigger is a
Microscope
Viruses are too small to be seen using a regular microscope, we can see them using a
Electron Microscope.
A regular microscope uses a beam of light to see objects, but a electron microscope uses What ?
A beam of electrons
Scientists make bacteria grow in special plates called as
Petri Dish
A Petri Dish is filled with a nutrient filled jelly called as
Agar
Microbes that can make people sick is known as
Germs
About how many cells make up the human body
30 trillion cells
What is the basic unit of every living creature
Cell
The three parts which are common in every living cell are
Cytoplasm
DNA
Cell membrane
The jelly like substance that fills the inside of the cell is called
CYTOPLASM
The structure that holds the cell together and allows chemicals to move in and out of the cells is the
CELL MEMBRANE
The big molecule in the nucleus that tells cells how to grow and behave is the
DNA
Some bacteria have tails which help them swim and move, this tail is known as a
FLAGELLUM
Bacteria that are round or oval in shape and appear like balls are known as
COCCI
Bacteria that are shaped like rods are called
Bacilli
Bacteria that are long and twisty, and shaped like a cockscrew are known as
Spirilla
Floating in the cytoplasm are little round molecules that are able to read the DNA, these molecules are called as
RIBOSOMES
The first step in the doubling of a cell is
It copies the DNA
How much of bacteria does a person carry on himself
2 Kgs
Where are the places we can find the bacteria
Air Soil Rocks Oceans Home You
How is the bacteria in the soil helpful
The bacteria from the soil can turn nitrogen from the air into useful fertilisers for the plants. This is known as the NITROGEN CYCLE
There are more bacteria cells on our bodies than human cells, is this statement true
YES
When living organisms produce their own light, this phenomenon is known as
BIOLUMINESCENCE
Name this bioluminiscent Squid
Bobtail Squid
How does the Bobtail squid light up on its own
They have special bacteria, that make chemicals that helps the quid to light up
Name this mushroom that glows in the dark
FOXFIRE MUSHROOM
Name this fish that have glowing bacteria on their head
Female angler fish
Most of the bacteria in your body is found in the
GUT
In the small intestine long food molecules are cut into smaller size by special snippers called
Enzymes
The large molecules like OLIGOSACCHARIDES cannot be cut by enzymes in the small intestine. they are broken down by bacteria in the
Large Intestine
The bacteria in the large intestine break down large molecules like oligosaccharides into two gases, name them
Hydrogen and Methane
Name a disease that can spread very fast if drinking water is not clean
CHOLERA
What does a human suffer from when he gets CHOLERA
DIARRHOEA
Who in ENGLAND first discovered that cholera is spread through contaminated water
John Snow
The little holes in your skin are known as
FOLLICLE
The biggest organ in the body is the
SKIN
The blood in your body flows through a system of tubes called
Arteries and Veins
Is having a fever good for your body
Yes
Why is having a fever good for our bodies
During fever the temperature of the body rises and this helps to fight germs
This special type of white blood cell that engulfs germs and tears them apart is
MACROPHAGE
What is Hay Fever
Allergy to pollen is HAY FEVER
Who discovered the antibiotic Penicillin
Alexander Fleming
The mould from which Penicillin is obtained is called
Penicillium Notatum
Some bacteria have crystals of magnet inside them, They are called
MAGNETOTACTIC BACTERIA
This bacteria grow little hairs that act like wires. The Hairs pull electricity in and push it out. Name this bacteria
SHEWANELLA BACTERIA
This bacteria is three times stronger and stickier than SUPER GLUE
CAULOBACTER CRESCENTUS
The pancreas makes an important chemical in the body called
INSULIN
How does the chemical INSULIN help the body
It keeps the sugar levels in the blood normal
When pancreas cant make enough insulin in the body, people get a disease called
Diabetes
Can a bacteria be used to make INSULIN
YES
Name the bacteria that is used to name INSULIN
E. COLI
Name the technology where INSULIN is made using bacteria
Recombinant DNA Technology
Can Viruses make copies of themselves and reproduce without help
NO
The most common Flu virus is the
Rhino Virus
Name the virus that can infect the bacteria
Bacteriophage
The shell of the virus is called the
CAPSID
Name this virus whose shell is shaped like 20 triangles arranged into a ball
ADENOVIRUS
This virus is shaped like a curly tube and is very deadly
EBOLA VIRUS
The special white blood cells that can remember a previous infection are known as
Memory Cells
Diseases that can jump from an animal to a human is known as
Zoonotic Disease
Name four zoonotic diseases that you have read about
Avian Flu
West Nile Fever
Ebola
Cat Scratch Disease
Scientists believe that the EBOLA VIRUS comes from ?
BATS
Is Cat Scratch Disease a bacterial or a Viral disease
Bacterial disease
How is RABIES spread
Through the bite of a DOG
After being bitten by a RABID DOG, in which part of the body does the Rabies Virus settle
BRAIN
To be called a fungus, the microbes cell wall must be made of a material called ?
CHITIN
Name this fungal infection of the foot
ATHLETES FOOT
Is YEAST a fungus?
YES
Crab shells and insects exoskeletons are made of a substance called ?
CHITIN
At home where does mould usually grow
Around Taps and other damp spots
The medicine used to fight bacteria are known as
Antibiotics
A scientist who studies bacteria is known as
BACTERIOLOGIST
The layer that holds the cell together and allows substances to move in and out of the cell is called the
CELL MEMBRANE
The chemical used for photosynthesis
CHLOROPHYLL
The extra layer of protection around some cell membranes is called
CELL WALL
A type of Algae made of only one cell is called
DIATOM
A chemical that breaks down large molecules onto smaller molecules is called
ENZYMES
The process by which microbes change sugars into other substances is called
FERMENTATION
The tail some microbes have to help them move is called
FLAGELLUM
The microbes that reproduce by making and spreading spores is called
FUNGI
The types of protozoa with long flagellum are called
FLAGELLATES
These thread like strands of the fungus are known as
Hyphae
The ARCHAEA that can survive in very high temperatures like those near underwater vents are called
HYPERTHERMOPHILES
The system through which an organism gets rid of invaders like Germs
IMMUNE SYSTEM
A chemical that balances the level of sugar in an organisms blood
Pancreas
A white blood cell that remembers an infection after it is gone
MEMORY CELL
The science of micro organisms
MICROBIOLOGY
Type of a fuzzy fungus that grows in moist places like on rotting food
MOULD
The scientific name for any living creature
ORGANISM
The process of heating substances such as milk, to kill any germs living inside
PASTEURIZATION
The antibiotic substance produced by a mould
PENICILLIN
The act of one cell eating another, such as how macrophages eats germs
PHAGOCYTOSIS
The process by which plants and algae take in energy from the SUN
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
These little hairs on the outside of some bacteria used to attach to some surfaces
PILI
The process how one organism makes more organisms
REPRODUCTION
These balls of spores on a Fungus are called as
SPORANGIA
The process of cleaning objects such as surgical tools
STERILIZATION
Name this Zombie-Ant Fungus
OPHIOCORDYCEPS UNILATERALIS
He is known as the Father of Microbiology
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
The first Virus ever discovered was
TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS
He discovered the bacteria that causes Tuberculosis
ROBERT KOCH
Name this Virus that is 10 times bigger than the cold Virus
MIMI VIRUS
Who first discovered the MIMI VIRUS
DIDIER RAOULT
Animals that are very small to see with the naked eye and can be seen only with a microscope are called as
MICRO ANIMALS
The group of animal that include Copepods, Crabs and Shrimps are called as
CRUSTACEANS
Name this micro animal that can be found on human eyelashes
DEMODEX
90 % of animals on the ocean floor are tiny creatures called
NEMATODE WORMS
Name four micro animals that you have come across
DEMODEX
NEMATODE WORM
TARDIGRADE
COPEPOD
These micro animals are known for their appearance and their ability to survive in extreme environments.
TARDIGRADE
Tardigrades are also known as
Water Bears
Space Bears
Water Piglets
Are PROTOZOA, unicellular or multi cellular
Unicellular
The Three main types of Protozoa are
AMOEBA
CILIATES
FLAGELLATES
The biggest single celled organism is
AMOEBA
It can grow upto 20 cms across
Does ARCHAEA cause any disease
NO
About half of the oxygen that we breathe is made by
ALGAE
When algae take over a pond, a lake or even a large area of the ocean they are known as
ALGAL BLOOMS
