microbe genome structure and function

Question 2

what is a operon in bacteria
why is it important to bacteria

Answer 2

multiple linked genes clustered together in a single mRNA encoding two or more proteins.
-important to how bacteria respond to environmental cues

Question 3

characteristsics of bacterial chromosomes;
-EXAMPLE of this in parasitic protozoan (single cell eukaryote)

Answer 3

coding regions are continous, no introns
example= trypanosomes

Question 4

example of genes to increase virulence

Answer 4

pathogenicity islands

Question 5

DNA replication in e.coli (bacteria) lagging strand
-dna synethsis is bidirectional in prokaryotes.
-helicase
-single stranded binding proteins (SSB)
-DNA gyrase
-DNA primase
-DNA pol 111

Answer 5

1)helicase unwinds DNA

2)single stranded binding protein keeps

3) DNA gyrase breaks tension in strands ahead of the replication fork

4) DNA primase will synthesis RNA primer

5) DNA pol 11 attaks and synethises new DNA strand ( 2 daughter strands)

Question 6

1)features of plasmids when replicating
2)plasmids structure

Answer 6

1) use host cell proteins to replicate independetly of chromosomal DNA

2) double stranded DNA and circular

Question 7

what information does plasmids carry?
(antibiotics)

Answer 7

they carry antibiotic resistant genes e.g. against penicilian

Question 8

how does an artifical plasmid work?
-your gene
-promotor
-antibiotic
-ori

Answer 8

your gene- where you put multiple cloning site
promotor= initates transcription of gene of interest

Question 9

4 steps to clone a gene of interest
( get a peice of DNA into a plasmid)
1) DNA amplification
2) cloning
3) transformation
4) antibiotic selection

Answer 9

1) DNA>PCR>agarose gel
2) restriction endonuclease makes staggered cut at recognition site DNA ligase used to stick DNA back togther into plasmid
3) putting recombinant plasmid into host cell
4)