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Microanatomy > Microanatomy basics > Flashcards

Microanatomy basics Flashcards

1
Q

What defines a tissue?

A

A collection of cells specialised to perform a particular function. The cells may be of the same type or of different types

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2
Q

What defines an organ?

A

A part of the body, composed of more than 1 tissue, that forms a structural unit respondible for a particular function

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3
Q

What defines an organ system?

A

Made up from 2 or more organs, to fulfil functions eg the digestive system

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4
Q

What are the 4 basic tissues?

A
  • Epithelial tissue
  • Connective tissue
  • Muscle tissue
  • Nervous tissue
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5
Q

What is the function of epithelial tissue?

A

It is sheets of cells that cover exterior surfaces of the body, lines internal cavities and passageways and forms certain glands

Epithelial tissue is avascular and regenerative

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6
Q

What is the function of connective tissue?

A

It binds cells and the organs of the body together and functions in the protection, support and integration of all parts of the body

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7
Q

What is the function of muscle tissue?

A

It is excitable, responding to stimulation and contracting to provide movement

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8
Q

What are the 3 major types of muscle tissues?

A
  • Skeletal (voluntary) muscle
  • Smooth muscle
  • Cardiac muscle
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9
Q

What is the function of the nervous tissue?

A

It is excitable, allowing the propagation of electrochemical signals in the form of nerve impulses that communicate between different regions of the body

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10
Q

What are simple squamous epithelium adapted for?

A

The exchange of small molecules between separated compartments

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11
Q

What are simple columnar epithelium adapted for?

A

To perform secretory or absorptive functions

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12
Q

How would you describe simple squamous epithelium?

A

Thin, flattened cells

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13
Q

How would you describe simple cuboidal epithelium?

A

A singular layer of cuboidal cells whose width is approximately equal to their height

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14
Q

How would you describe simple columnar epithelium?

A

The height of the cells is much greater than their width

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15
Q

How would you described ciliated epithelium?

A

Consists of cells of differing shapes and heights. The apical surface is ciliated

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16
Q

Where is pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium most commonly found and what is its function?

A

It predominates in the upper airway (trachea and bronchi). Epithelia of this type combine a mechanical and secretory function: the goblet cells secrete mucus to trap airbourne particles, while the cilitated columnar cells move the mucus film towards the mouth

17
Q

What are stratified squamous epithelium adapted for?

A

To withstand chemical and physical stresses

18
Q

What are transitional epithelium adapted for?

A

Ability to stretch eg found in the bladder

19
Q

How would you describe transitional epithelium?

A

Their structure is similar to that of stratified squamous epithelium except that the superficial cells are larger and rounded

20
Q

What are glandular epithelia specialised for?

A

Secretion

21
Q

What is the function of exocrine glands?

A

Glands that secrete material via a specialised duct onto an epithelial surface

Could consist of a simple coiled tube or may consist of a complex set of branching ducts linking groups of cells together called acini

22
Q

What is the function of an endocrine gland?

A

Glands that secrete materials across their basolateral surfaces, from where it passes into the blood

They lack a duct

23
Q

What is the function of serous cells?

A

When stimulated they produce a copious watery secretion

24
Q
  1. What connective tissue forms the skeleton
  2. What is its predominant extracellular matrix component?
A
  1. Bone
  2. ECM components:
  • Glycoproteins eg osteonectin
  • Osteocalcin
  • Proteoglycans
  • Osteoblasts and osteoclasts
  • GAG
  • Calcium phosphate
25
Q
  1. What connective tissue links the components of the skeleton together?
  2. What is its predominant extracellular matrix component?
A
  1. Ligaments
  2. Collagen type 1 and elastin
26
Q
  1. What connective tissue connects muscles to bones to allow the skeletal elements to be moved?
  2. What is its predominant extracellular matrix component?
A
  1. Tendons
  2. Collagen type 1, proteoglycans, water

Microanatomy (1 decks)

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