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Micro - Virus Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 Classic childhood Exanthems?

A
  1. Measles –> Rubeola
  2. German Measles –> Rubella
  3. HHV-6 –> Roseola
  4. 5th Disease/Slap Cheek –> Parvovirus B19
  5. Chicken pox –> Varicella zoster
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2
Q

What is a rash that appears abruptly and affects several areas of the skin simultaneously

A

Exanthem

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3
Q

What are the 3 Enveloped DNA Viruses?

A

Hepadnaviridae
Herpesviridae
Poxviridae

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4
Q

What are the 3 naked DNA Viruses?

A

Papovaviridae
Adenoviridae
Parvoviridae

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5
Q

Which 3 Dermatological viruses have NO systemic spread?

A

Molluscum contagiosum
HPV
ORF

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6
Q

Which 4 Dermatological viruses that have systemic spread also have INFECTIOUS rashes?

A

HSV-1, HSV-2
VZV
Variola
Coxsackievirus

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7
Q

Which 4 Dermatological viruses that have systemic spread also have NON-INFECTIOUS rashes?

A

HHV-6
HHV-8
Measles
Rubella

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8
Q

Papillomaviruses:
Genetics
Transmission

A

Naked, DS DNA virus

Direct contact and fomites

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9
Q

HPV 1,4 = ?

A

Plantar warts

Flat, grow inward

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10
Q

HPV 2, 3, 10 =?

A

Warts on the knees and fingers

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11
Q

HPV 6, 11, 16, 18 = ?

A

Genital warts

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12
Q

Poxviridae:
Causes ?
Genetics?

A

Enveloped, DS DNA virus

Molluscum contagiosum

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13
Q

Molluscum contagiosum characteristics

A

UMBILICATED LESION:
White, pink, or flesh-colored papule with a dimple or pit in the center. Pin-head or pencil eraser in size.
ONLY infects humans
Duration: 6-12 months (self limiting)

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14
Q

Molluscum contagiosum Transmission

A

Direct contact, fomites

Scratching/shaving can spread the virus

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15
Q

Orf associations

A

Poxviridae

Associated with SHEEP, GOATS, and REINDEER

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16
Q

Orf: Clinical, Transmission

A

Produces A vesicle on fingers/hand

Transmission: Direct contact

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17
Q

Measles:
aka ?
Family ?
Genetics ?

A

Aka Rubeola
Family: Paromyxoviridae
Enveloped, ssRNA

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18
Q

Measles: Transmission, incubation

A

Respiratory droplets **
9-10 days

Life-long resistance

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19
Q

Measles: Acute respiratory illness

A 
Runny nose, HIGH FEVER (105), cough, conjunctivitis, photophobia, MALAISE
1-2 later = Koplick's spots
Maculopapular rash (red) starts at face spreads down the body (3 days)
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20
Q

Koplick’s spots = ?

A

small (grain of sand) - reddish ring on buccal mucosae

Buzz word for Measles

21
Q

Measles: Potential complications

A

Pneumonia
Encephalitis
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE) - rare. Personality changes, loss of memory, muscle spasms, blindness

22
Q

Measles: Lab diagnostics

A

Multinucleated giant cells (Syncytia

23
Q

Measles: Vaccine

A

Live attenuated

MMR

24
Q 
Rubella:
aka =?
Family ? Genetics?
Transmission ?
Vaccine:
A

German measles
Togaviridae: eneveloped, SS RNA
Transmission: Respiratory droplets
Vaccine: Live, attenuated (MMR)

25
Rubella: | Mild Disease:
Fever, malaise, IRREGULAR MACULOPAPULAR PINK RASH - LASTS FOR 3 DAYS Rash has same progression as measles (head--> toe) Lymphadenopathy
26
Rubella: | Complications
Congenital Rubella: passes through placenta Severity depends on gestational age Low birth weight, cataracts, heart defects, mental retardation, deafness, diabetes
27
``` Erythrovirus B19 (Parvovirus B19): Family: Genetics: Infection called ___ Age distribution ```
Parvoviridae: Naked, SS DNA Erythema infectiosum; 5th disease; Slap cheek CHILDREN!!
28
Erythrovirus B19: Transmission Pathogenesis
Respiratory droplets | Infects erythroid progenitor cells in bone marrow
29
Erythrovirus B 19 Clinical | Complications
Sunlight aggravates the rash that appears 1 week into infection. Starts on face - spreads to torso/thighs Complications: Sickle cell disease: Aplastic crisis
30
``` HHV-6: aka Family: Genetics: Infections ```
Roseola Herpesviridae: Enveloped, DS DNA Roseola infantum (1st 3 years of life), exanthema subitum
31
HHV-6: Transmission: Clinical:
Respiratory droplets Replicates in T and B cells - persists after primary infection Clinical: High fever, sore throat, lymphadenopathy for several days ---> TEMPERATURE DECREASES, FAINT PINK RAHS APPEARS = LACY BODY RASH
32
``` HHV - 8: Family: Genetics: Transmission: Significance: ```
Herpesviridae: Enveloped, DS DNA Transmission: Unknown (found in saliva) *Causative agent of Kaposi sarcoma
33
Coxsacievirus: Family: Genetics:
PicoRNAviridae: Naked SS RNA
34
Coxsackievirus A
Herpangina Vesicles on buccal mucosa and tongue Slight fever, sore throat, mouth is painful
35
Coxsackievirus A16
CHILDREN | Hand-foot and mouth: Vesicles appear on the hands, mouth, and feet
36
``` Variola: AKA: Family: Genetics Transmission: ```
SMALLPOX Poxviridae: Enveloped, DS DNA Transmission: Direct contact AND respiratory droplets
37
Variola rash | Vaccine
SYNCHRONOUS rash. Scarring | Vaccine: live cowpox (not given anymore)
38
Herpesviridae: Genetics: Key feature
Enveloped, DS DNA virus Latency! HSV-1,2; VZV = Nerves HHV-6: B cells and T cells
39
HSV: | Transmission
Direct contact with vesicles (fluid)
40
HSV Primary infection
Skin and mucous membranes Vesicles: Painful and itchy Heals in 1-2 weeks
41
HSV Reactivation
Spread of virus from neurons to skin or mucous membranes Sensory prodromal period = burning, itching, tingling Vesicles appear
42
HSV Severe complications
Herpetic infection of eczematous skin Encephalitis (HSV-1 and 2) Neonatal infections: HSV-2 Contact with lesion during labor and delivery
43
HSV: Microscopic key features
Cowdry body type A: intranuclear inclusions | Syncytium
44
Negri body
RABIES
45
Varicella Zoster virus: Genetics: Transmission
Enveloped, DS DNA virus | Respiratory aerosols, direct contact with skin lesions (90% of ppl will be infected if they make contact)
46
VZV: Chicken pox
entry = mucosa of respiratory tract Pox on torso, face, scalp --> then arms and legs Vesicles OCCUR IN CROPS - rupture, dry up, crust
47
Zoster:
Reactivation of VZV Travels from DRG --> Dermatome Pain and rash Post-herpetic neuralgia: pain continues for several months after lesions have healed
48
Varicella vaccine
2: Live, attenuated Only varicella = varimax combined in MMRV (measles, mumps, rubella, varicella) Zoster vaccine: single dose for adults > 60 years old

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