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Microbiology First Aid USMLE Step 1 > Micro Treatments > Flashcards

Micro Treatments Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Staphylococcus aureus treatment?

A

Naficillin/Methicillin/Oxacillin (MSSA). Vancomycin (MRSA).

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2
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae treatment?

A

Pneumovax to capsular antigens. Penicillin, macrolides, telithromycin (if macrolide-resistant).

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3
Q

Enterococcus faecalis treatment?

A

Linezolid, streptogramins (quinupristin/dalfopristin)

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4
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheriae treatment?

A

Diphtheria toxoid vaccine (conjugated to H. influenzae capsular polysaccharide).

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5
Q

Clostridium tetani treatment?

A

Clindamycin, metronidazole, vancomycin

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6
Q

Clostridium botulinum treatment?

A

Clindamycin, metronidazole, vancomycin

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7
Q

Clostridium perfringens treatment?

A

Clindamycin, metronidazole, vancomycin

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8
Q

Closteridium difficle treatment?

A

Clindamycin, metronidazole, vancomycin

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9
Q

Listeria monocytogenes treatment?

A

Ampicillin/amoxicillin

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10
Q

Actinomyces israelii treatment?

A

Penicillin

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11
Q

Nocardia asteroides treatment?

A

TMP-SMX

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12
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis treatment?

A

Isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide. BCG vaccinization.

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13
Q

Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare treatment?

A

Azithromycin

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14
Q

Mycobacterium leprae treatment?

A

Dapsone, clofazimine, and rifampin

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15
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae treatment?

A

Ceftriaxone

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16
Q

Neisseria meningitidis treatment?

A

Ceftriaxone (meningitis), rifampin (prophylaxis). Vaccination.

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17
Q

Haemophilus influenzae treatment?

A

Rifampin (prophylaxis). Vaccine (polysaccharide conjugated to diphtheria toxoid).

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18
Q

Legionella pneumophila treatment?

A

Erythromycin

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19
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa treatment?

A

Aztreonam, piperacillin/carbencillin/ticarcillin, imipenem/meropenem plus aminoglycoside.

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20
Q

Bordetella pertussis treatment?

A

Pertussis toxoid vaccine.

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21
Q

Escherichia coli (EHEC) treatment?

A

TMP-SMX or fluoroquinolone (UTIs).

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22
Q

Escherichia coli (ETEC) treatment?

A

TMP-SMX or fluoroquinolone (UTIs).

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23
Q

Escherichia coli (EIEC) treatment?

A

TMP-SMX or fluoroquinolone (UTIs).

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24
Q

Escherichia coli (EPEC) treatment?

A

TMP-SMX or fluoroquinolone (UTIs).

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25
Q

Klebsiella pneumoniae treatment?

A

Cephalosporins, aminoglycosides.

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26
Q

Salmonella typhi treatment?

A

Don’t treat. Monocytic response.

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27
Q

Helicobacter pylori treatment?

A

Metronidazole, bismuth, tetracycline/amoxicillin; or metronidazole, omperazole, clarithromycin.

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28
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi treatment?

A

Doxycycline

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29
Q

Treponema pallidum treatment?

A

Penicillin G (Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction)

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30
Q

Brucella melitensis treatment?

A

Streptomycin, doxycycline.

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31
Q

Francisella tularensis treatment?

A

Streptomycin, doxycycline.

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32
Q

Gardnerella vaginalis treatment?

A

Metronidazole.

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33
Q

Rickettsiae rickettsii treatment?

A

Doxycycline.

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34
Q

Rickettsiae typi treatment?

A

Doxycycline.

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35
Q

Rickettsiae prowazekii treatment?

A

Doxycycline.

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36
Q

Ehrlichia chaffeensis treatment?

A

Doxycycline.

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37
Q

Anaplasma phagocytophilum treatment?

A

Doxycycline.

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38
Q

Coxiella burnetii treatment?

A

Doxycycline.

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39
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis treatment?

A

Doxycycline, erythromycin.

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40
Q

Chlamydia pneumoniae treatment?

A

Doxycycline, erythromycin.

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41
Q

Chlamydia psittaci treatment?

A

Doxycycline, erythromycin.

42
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae treatment?

A

Erythromycin, doxycycline.

43
Q

Bacteroides fragilis treatment?

A

Clindamycin, metronidazole

44
Q

Vibrio cholera treatment?

A

Doxycycline. Glucose/sodium liquid replacement.

45
Q

Vibrio vulnifcus treatment?

A

Doxycycline.

46
Q

Vibrio parahaemolyticus treatment?

A

Doxycycline.

47
Q

Ureaplasma urealyticum treatment?

A

Doxycycline.

48
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum treatment?

A

Fluconazole or ketoconazole (local); amphotericin B (systemic).

49
Q

Blastomyces dermatitidis treatment?

A

Fluconazole or ketoconazole (local); amphotericin B (systemic).

50
Q

Coccidioides immitis, Coccidioides posadasii treatment?

A

Fluconazole or ketoconazole (local); amphotericin B (systemic).

51
Q

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis treatment?

A

Fluconazole or ketoconazole (local); amphotericin B (systemic).

52
Q

Malassezia furfur treatment?

A

Miconazole, clotrimazole (topical azoles).

53
Q

Microsporum spp. treatment?

A

Miconazole, clotrimazole (topical azoles).

54
Q

Trichophyton spp. treatment?

A

Miconazole, clotrimazole (topical azoles).

55
Q

Epidermophyton spp. treatment?

A

Miconazole, clotrimazole (topical azoles).

56
Q

Candida albicans treatment?

A

Nystatin (superficial skin infection), amphotericin B (systemic).

57
Q

Aspergillus fumigatus treatment?

A

Voriconazole, caspofungin/micafungin.

58
Q

Pneumocystis jiroveci treatment?

A

TMP-SMX, aerolsolized pentamidine, dapsone.

59
Q

Sporothrix schenckii treatment?

A

Itraconazole, potassium iodide.

60
Q

Giardia lamblia treatment?

A

Metronidazole.

61
Q

Entamoeba histolytica treatment?

A

Metronidazole (liver abscesses), paromycin/iodoquinol (intestinal),

62
Q

Cryptosporidium spp. treatment?

A

Prevention (filtering water).

63
Q

Toxoplasma gondii treatment?

A

Pyrimethamine-sulfadiazine plus leucovorin (folinic acid), spiramycin.

64
Q

Trypanosoma gambiense/rhodesiense treatment?

A

Suramin (blood form), melarsoprol (CNS)

65
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi treatment?

A

Nifurtimox.

66
Q

Leishmania donovani treatment?

A

Sodium stibogluconate.

67
Q

Plasmodium vivax/ovale treatment?

A

Primaquine (hepatic form), chloroquine (erythrocyte form).

68
Q

Plasmodium falciparum treatment?

A

Chloroquine (if sensitive), mefloquine (if resistant, i.e. Africa).

69
Q

Plasmodium malariae treatment?

A

Chloroquine (if sensitive), mefloquine (if resistant, i.e. Africa).

70
Q

Babesia microti, Theileria microti treatment?

A

Quinine plus clindamycin.

71
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis treatment?

A

Metronidazole.

72
Q

Enterobius vermicularis treatment?

A

Mebendazole, albendazole or pyrantel pamoate.

73
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides treatment?

A

Mebendazole, albendazole or pyrantel pamoate.

74
Q

Trichinella spiralis treatment?

A

Mebendazole, albendazol.

75
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis treatment?

A

Mebendazole, albendazole or ivermectin.

76
Q

Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus treatment?

A

Mebendazole, albendazole or pyrantel pamoate.

77
Q

Dracunculus medinensis treatment?

A

Niridazole. Cheese cloth filtration of water.

78
Q

Ochocerca volvulus treatment?

A

Ivermectin.

79
Q

Loa loa treatment?

A

Diethylcarbamazine

80
Q

Wuchereia bancrofti, Brugia malayi treatment?

A

Diethylcarbamazine

81
Q

Toxocara canis treatment?

A

Diethylcarbamazine

82
Q

Taenia solium treatment?

A

Praziquantal or mebendazole, albendazol (neurocysticercosis).

83
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum treatment?

A

Praziquantal.

84
Q

Echinococcus granulosus treatment?

A

Mebendazole, albendazol.

85
Q

Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma mansoni treatment?

A

Praziquantal.

86
Q

Clonorchis sinensis treatment?

A

Praziquantal.

87
Q

Paragonimus westermani treatment?

A

Praziquantal.

88
Q

Hepatitis B virus treatment?

A

Recombinant vaccine (HBsAg). Lamivudine.

89
Q

Adenovirus treatment?

A

Seen in individuals living in close quarters; military barracks or camp dormitories.

90
Q

Human papillomavirus treatment?

A

Recombinant vaccine (types 6, 11, 16, 18)

91
Q

Variola (smallpox) treatment?

A

Lived, attenuated vaccine.

92
Q

Rotavirus treatment?

A

Lived, attenuated vaccine.

93
Q

Poliovirus treatment?

A

Killed vaccine (Salk), live/attenuated vaccine (Sabin). Sabin provides IgA immunity in gut.

94
Q

Hepatitis A virus treatment?

A

Killed vaccine.

95
Q

Yellow fever treatment?

A

Live, attenuated vaccine.

96
Q

Rubella treatment?

A

Live, attenuated vaccine (MMR).

97
Q

Influenza A, B, C treatment?

A

Killed vaccine (parenteral), live vaccine (nasal). Vaccine is to hemagglutinin. Zanamivir, oseltamivir (prophylaxis).

98
Q

Respiratory syncytial virus treatment?

A

Inhaled ribavirin, Palivizumab (anti F-protein antibody).

99
Q

Rubeola (measles) treatment?

A

Live, attenuated vaccine (MMR). Vitamin A.

100
Q

Mumps treatment?

A

Live, attenuated vaccine (MMR).

101
Q

Rabies treatment?

A

Killed vaccine.

102
Q

Scabies treatment?

A

Permethrin, ivermectin, mebendazole

Microbiology First Aid USMLE Step 1 (10 decks)

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