Micro Review Session Flashcards
If a virus forms a plaque is it infectious?
by definition, yes.
What are three forms of persistent infections?
??
What are the three types of viral vaccines?
??
What is the process of reassortment and what are its implications?
viruses swap out segments of genetic material, causing antigenic shift, which allows evasion of previously built up immune tolerances. Flu does this commonly.
Are viral envelopes composed entirely of virally-encoded components?
No. Takes lipids from host cell.
Are envoleped viruses very stable on surfaces such as table tops?
No
Are enveloped viruses efficiently inactivated by detergents?
Yes
Are enveloped viruses resistant to inactivation by alcohols?
No.
What type of genetic content do herpesviruses have?
double stranded DNA
Where do +strand RNA viruses get their RNA polymerase?
they encode their own RNA polymerase
Where do -strand RNA viruses get their RNA polymerase?
they must bring one with them and then code for their own.
If breakpoint= 20 and MIC = 5 is the bacterium susceptible, intermediate or resistant
susceptible. Breakpoint is pretty much maximum achievable concentration and MIC is minimun needed for effect. Always want a higher breakpoint than MIC.
What is exclusion and can it result in resistance to beta-lactams?
restricting access to targets. yes
Are Beta-lactams commonly modified by acylation and other mechanisms to develop resistance?
no. This is not a common resistance mechanism against b lactams
What are the advantages and disadvantages of AAV as a gene therapy vector?
adeno-associated viruses.
advants - long lasting because inserted into DNA. Does not illicit immune response or cause disease. Inserts into non-dividing cells
Disadvants: Small capacity.
What are two key differences between fungi and animal cells that are exploited for diagnostic therapeutic purposes?
- cell wall has aldosterol instead of cholesterol. Amphoterican B punch wholes in membrane
- azol synthesis can be disrupted.
What is Sabouraud’s medium in fungal diagnosis? What is its composition and purpose?
low pH, high glucose medium to inhibit bacterial growth and allow fungals to grow. Also can incorporate antibiotics.
If a fungus can be inhaled and spread from lungs to other tissues, what kind of mycosis is it?
systemic mycosis. Most virulent. Can infect immunocompetent people.
What is the mechanism for HTLV-1 tumorigenesis?
frees up NFkB to stimulate proliferation
What is the mechansim for HPV tumorigenesis?
produces E6 and E7 which keep cell constantly growing
What is the mechansim for HCV tumorigenesis?
accumulate mutations because of chronic infection and unintended regeneration. Contains no oncogenes
What is the mechansim for HCV tumorigenesis?
accumulate mutations because of chronic infection and unintended regeneration. Contains no oncogenes
