Micro Person-Person Transmitted Disease Flashcards
1
Q
Strep Pneumonia
A
- Streptococcus pneumonia, Gram +, encapsulated
- Bacterial pneumonia
- Alpha hemolysis
- Often cause of death for elderly due to respiratory failure
2
Q
Strep Pneumonia Symptoms
A
- cough with green/yellow mucus
- fever
- sweating
- chills
- rapid pulse
- extreme tiredness
3
Q
Strep Pneumonia Treatment
A
- 30% resistant to Penicillin
- Sensitive Vancomycin
- PREVNAR 13 vaccine for those over 60yo
4
Q
Meningitis
A
- Neisseria meningitides, Gram - diplococci
- Occurs in epidemics
- Identify with blood or cerebrospinal/lumbar puncture
5
Q
Meningitis Symptoms
A
- Headache
- Vomiting
- Stiff neck
- Coma and death within day if untreated
6
Q
Chicken Pox
A
- Varicella zoster, enveloped dsDNA herpesvirus
- Spread via droplets and contact with blister
- Enters respiratory tract and multiplies, viremia
- Establishes lifelong infection in nerve cells and moves to skin later as shingles
7
Q
Chicken Pox Treatment
A
- Treat symptoms
- Live attenuated vaccine
- Shingles vaccine for those >50yo
8
Q
Meningitis Treatment
A
- IV penicillin
- Vaccine available from purified polysaccharide
9
Q
Herpes Simplex virus
A
- dsDNA enveloped virus
- Results in HSV1, HSV2, neonatal HSV, Whitlow’s HSV
10
Q
Staph Aureus
A
- Staphylococcus aureus, Gram + clusters
- Halotolerant
- Resists drying and spreads through dust
- Pyogenic (pus forming)
- Identify on MSA plates and Beta hemolysis on blood agar
- PCR for MRSA
- Leads to bacteremia, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, pneumonia, toxic shock syndrome
11
Q
Hepatitis
A
- Caused by viruses A,B,C,D,E, or bacteria
- Destruction of the liver/cirrhosis
- Liver cancer
12
Q
Hepatitis Symptoms
A
- Jaundice
- Flu-like symptoms
- Fatigue
- Abdominal pain
- Loss of appetite
13
Q
Hepatitis A
A
- Negative ssRNA
- Vaccine
- Acute symptoms
- Spread via food
- No treatment, self-limited
14
Q
Hepatitis B
A
- dsDNA
- Vaccine
- Acute and chronic symptoms
- Oncogenic
- Parenteral
- Hepsera for chronic symptoms/antiviral
15
Q
Hepatitis C
A
- Positive ssRNA
- No vaccine
- Chronic symptoms, oncogenic
- Parenteral
- Combination of antiviral and transplant for treatment
16
Q
Hepatitis D
A
- Negative ssRNA
- No vaccine
- Fulminant - severe and sudden
- Parenteral
- Interferon infusions for treatment
17
Q
Hepatitis E
A
- Positive ssRNA
- No vaccine
- Fulminant - severe and sudden
- Spread via water
- No/self-limited treatment
18
Q
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
A
- Lentivirus/type of retrovirus
- +ssRNA enveloped
- Transmitted via sexual intercourse and blood
- Presents as AIDs (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)
- Symptoms depend on how much virus is present and how many T-cells are present
19
Q
Abscesses/Boils
A
- Staph infection
- Red/swollen area of skin with pus
20
Q
Abscesses/Boils Treatment
A
-Drain
-IV Clindamycin
21
Q
Cellulitis
A
- Staph infection of deeper layers of skin
- Redness and swelling
- No pus
22
Q
Cellulitis Treatment
A
- Oral Clindamycin
23
Q
Folliculitis
A
- Staph infection
- Pimple-like blister in hair follicle
24
Q
Folliculitis Treatment
A
- Topical Mupirocin
25
Q
Impetigo
A
- Staph infection
-Painful rash with fluid-filled blisters
-Ooze fluid
-Honeycomb crust
26
Q
Impetigo Treatment
A
- Topical Mupirocin
27
Q
Scalded Skin Syndrome
A
- Staph infection
- Rash, fever, blisters, and peeling on babies and young children
28
Q
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
A
-MecA gene allows Staph to make peptidoglycan even in presence of penicillin
-Treat with Vancomycin
29
Q
HIV Symptoms
A
- Early: fatigue and weight loss
- Later: neurological, opportunistic infections from other microbes
30
Q
HIV Treatment
A
- HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy)
31
Q
HSV1
A
- Caused by direct facial contact with lesion secretions
- Creates lesions on oropharynx
- Cold sores
- Resides latently in trigeminal ganglion; reactivated by stress
32
Q
HSV Treatment
A
- Antiviral acyclovir
- Not a cure, just reduces sores
33
Q
HSV2
A
- Caused by direct sexual contact with lesion secretion
- Creates lesions on genitalia
- Resides latently in sacral ganglion; reactivated by stress
34
Q
Neonatal HSV
A
- Often fatal
- Transferred to baby during delivery
35
Q
Herpetic Whitlow
A
- Type of HSV
- Medical/dental staff exposure to patient secretions
