Micro Mini Quiz 1 Flashcards
Microbiology
The study of organisms (and other entities) too small to be seen without magnification.
Abscess
A collection of pus in any part of the body. In most cases, the area around an abscess is swollen and inflamed.
Carbuncle
A skin infection that affects multiple hair follicles and forms a pus-filled lump deep in the skin.
Cellulitis
A bacterial skin infection that occurs when bacteria enter the skin through a break. The bacteria that cause cellulitis are usually staphylococci or streptococci.
Conjunctivitis
Also known as pink eye, is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin, transparent membrane that lines the white of the eye and the inside of the eyelid.
Dysentery
Infection of the intestines resulting in severe diarrhea with the presence of blood and mucus in the feces.
Endocarditis
Inflammation of the endocardium.
Folliculitis
Inflammation of the hair follicles.
Hematuria
Blood in the urine.
Hemolysis
The rupture or destruction of red blood cells.
Myocarditis
A rare condition that causes inflammation of the heart muscle, or myocardium.
Nosocomial
Any disease contracted by a patient while in the hospital.
Osteomyelitis
Infection inside the bone.
Pharyngitis
A sore throat caused by inflammation of the pharynx.
Polyuria
Production of abnormally large amounts of urine.
Purulent
Consisting of, containing, or discharging pus.
Pyelonephritis
A kidney infection that occurs when bacteria from the urinary tract (UTI) spread to the kidneys.
The DNA of Prokaryotes is Found in a Region of the Cell Called the __________
Nucleoid
-Prokaryotes do not have mitochondria or chloroplast.
-Prokaryotes do have ribosomes.
-Examples: Glycogen, Sulfur, and Inorganic phosphate (polyphosphate)
Cytoplasmic Structures
Consists of:
-Cell membrane
-Cell wall
-Other external structures such as a capsule or glycocalyx
Bacterial Cell Envelope
-Comprised of phospholipids and proteins and sugars.
-Do contain hopanoids.
Major Functions:
-Barrier
-Selective transport of solutes
-Electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation to produce
ATP
-Biosynthesis (e.g. cell wall components, phospholipids)
-Receptor location
Cell Membrane
-6 major types of Protein Secretion Systems have been found.
-Each system is comprised of a different set of proteins and transports a particular set of proteins out of the cell.
-All utilize ATP.
-Type I and Type IV are found in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria
-Type II, Type III, Type V, and Type VI are found only in Gram-negative bacteria
Protein Secretion Systems
Provides a means of transporting bacterial proteins out of the cell.
Importance of Protein Secretion Systems
-Found in most bacteria.
-Helps to determine bacteria shape.
-Prevents lysis (bursting) or collapsing due to changing osmotic pressures.
-Peptidoglycan is the primary component.
Bacteria Cell Wall
___________ bacteria: thick cell
wall comprised primarily of
peptidoglycan
Gram-positive
___________ bacteria: thin cell wall
comprised primarily of peptidoglycan and outer membrane.
Gram-negative
Comprised of Lipid A, the core polysaccharide, and an O side chain.
Lipopolysaccharide
Some ______ Bacteria Can Have No Cell Wall
Mycoplasma bacteria
-A sticky viscous coating (usually polysaccharides) external to
the cell wall.
Functions:
– Adherence
– Protect bacteria from dehydration and nutrient loss
– Inhibit killing by white blood cells, contributing to pathogenicity
Glycocalyx (Slime Layer) and Capsule
Which one of the following is NOT found in bacteria?
A. Circular double-stranded DNA
B. Glycocalyx
C. Mitochondria
D. Peptidoglycan
Mitochondria
Division of bacterial
cells occurs mainly
through _____________.
Binary fission
Replication begins with
parent cell:
– Enlarges
– Duplicates its chromosome
– Forms a central transverse septum, dividing the cell into two daughter cells
Bacteria Replication
-Time required for a complete fission cycle is called the generation
time, or doubling time.
-Minimum generation times vary from ~10-20 minutes to days (or
even longer).
Rate of Population Growth
Equation for calculating population size over time:
-Nƒ = (Ni)2n
-Nƒ is total number of cells in the population
-Ni is starting number of cells
-Exponent n denotes number of generations
Rate of Population Growth
