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Micro Lab > Micro Lab midterm > Flashcards

Micro Lab midterm Flashcards

0
Q

Resolution

A

Ability to distinguish objects as separate from each other

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1
Q

Magnification

A

Increase in apparent size of an object

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2
Q

Why stain

A

View shape, + cellular structures

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3
Q

Glycocalyx

A

Extracellular Polly metric material (glycoproteins)

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4
Q

Purpose of the dye

A

Any die could be used instead of methane blue, the purpose of the dye is to contrast the charge of the bacteria, they have to be opposite.

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5
Q

Autolysis

A

Destruction of tissue or so buy it’s own enzyme.

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6
Q

Smear

A

A slide with microbes on it, ready to be stained

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7
Q

What is the purpose of the heat fixing smear?

A

To denature of the bacterial enzyme

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8
Q

What is a simple stain?

A

Determines morphology, size and arrangement.

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9
Q

What will a positive stain due to the bacteria?

A

Positive Stan will turn bacteria purple color because bacterial has a negative charge it will be attracted to a positive (base)

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10
Q

Negative stains

A

Stains the background, They are used for bacteria that are difficult to stain due to their size, used specifically used for Cocobacilli

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11
Q

What is the key ingredient for staining

A

Alcohol, dissolving lipids

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12
Q

Gram-positive

A

Has thick walls full with Peptidoglycan

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13
Q

Gram-negative

A

Wall has LPS layer

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14
Q

Penicillin

A

Will work on gram-positive

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15
Q

Tetracycline

A

Will work on gram-negative

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16
Q

Mycobacteria

A

No cell wall, no endospores or capsules.

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17
Q

Acid-fast stain

A

Designed to identify mycobacteria a.k.a. tuberculosis and leprosy

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18
Q

Acid fast positive

A

The cell wall lipids of the mycobacterium do not dissolve in the acid alcohol applied and thus the red stain does not wash off

19
Q

Capsule stain

A

“Sugarcoat”=Glycocalyx

Makes it more pathogenic or stronger

Where is this both stains acid and basic appears white like a halo around the cell

20
Q

Because of this capsule such as streptococcus pneumonia

A

WBC cannot phagocyte the bacteria efficiently and disease occurs

21
Q

Spore stain

A

In order for endospore just stay and we need to apply heat.

Difficult to stain you need to use steam a lot of stain visualization.

22
Q

Example of Spores

A

Anthrax, botulism, tetanus, diarrhea and Gangrene.

23
Q

Flagella stain

A

Two types of flagella:
Peritrichous (around all bacteria)
Polar (at one or both ends of the cell)

Difficult to sustain individualize

24
Q

Culture media

A

what do they need to grow?

25
Q

Used to test agar

A

Plate and slant

26
Q

How to sterilize Culture Media

A

To sterilize we need autoclave, “little oven”, it has high steam and high pressure

27
Q

Nutrient broth vs nutrient agar

A

NB liquid broth,

NA solid in room temperature

28
Q

Selective medium

A

Tell her you don’t want to keep the rest thatt you want to grow

29
Q

Differential medium

A

Use color change to tell the difference.

Example: used to examine staph

30
Q

Enriched medium

A

Add extra stimulus because it’s difficult to grow.

Requires boiled blood vitamin minerals

Ex: Neisseria Gonorrhea

31
Q

Fastidious

A

Difficult

32
Q

PE

A

Kills gram-negative bacteria

33
Q

Mannitol salt agar

A

Rare sugar alcohol

34
Q

S. Aureus vs. S. Epidermis

A

S.A-very dangerous
can eat mannitol. Produces acid waste (yellow)

S.E.- harmless cannot eat mannitol stays pink.

35
Q

Streak plate technique

A

Separate different bacterial species from each other when they are in a mixture

36
Q

Isolation of colonies

A

Hey call me represents a single bacterium and it’s overnight descendants

37
Q

Alpha

A

Partial breakdown of the red blood cells (greening)

38
Q

Beta

A

Total distruction of RBCs

Very dangerous

White/ clear zone

39
Q

Gamma

A

No distraction of RBCs

40
Q

Serial dilution of cultures

A

This is how we count bacteria

41
Q

To test a serial dilution of cultures

A

We have to get a sample to colony level meeting only one bacteria.

42
Q

Dilution factor

A

How much you diluted

43
Q

Bacteria in urine should be

A

Less then 10^5. If not you have to get antibiotics

44
Q

Calculation of number of visible bacteria in the original sample

A

Number of colonies 1
———————- X —————-
Volume places. Dilution factor

Micro Lab (1 decks)

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