Micro Lab Midterm Flashcards
Viral Pneumonia
Adenovirus. NO pus; congested and thickened alveolar septal walls. Hemorrhaging due to cellular damage, edema, and coughing.
Non-productive couch; low grade fever.
Treatment: bed rest and fluids
Bronchopneumonia
Streptococcus pneumonia. Pus within alveoli. Productive cough with brown, yellow, or green mucus. High fever.
Treatment: Antibiotics
Tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Primary TB
Coughing with occasional blood but no mucus. Secondary (latent) TB: tubercle is walled of area of bacterial growth. Caseous necrosis. Can remain patent as long as immune system is healthy. Treatment 9-12 months of triple antibiotic therapy
Lung Abscess
Staphylococcus aureus. Layers of collagen fibers holding pus however pus will destroy each layer as it moves outward.
Severe infection. High fever accompanied by massive tissue destruction. Will cough up blood, pus, and fluids.
Treatment: IV antibiotics therapy
Chronic Gastritis
Campylobacter jejuni or Helicobacter pylori. Long term irritation of mucosal layer with hremorrhaging seen in underlying connective tissue. Mucus sloughs off in large chunks. Presents with abdominal pain, occasional vomiting of blood that appears black in color similar to coffee grounds.
Treatment: antibiotic therapy
Chronic Peptic Ulcer
Campylobacter Jujuni or Helicobacter pylori
Long term infection has resulted in loss of mucosal layer. Underlying connective tissue is exposed. Large number of lymphocytes and RBCs seen. If not treated with antibiotic therapy perforation may occur or gastric adenocarcinoma
Acute Suppurative Appendicitis
Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus spp.
Acute infection with organ destruction seen with extensive infiltration of pus.
High fever, abdominal pain, and Back pain may be seen.
Treatment: immediate surgical intervention
Ulcerative Colitis
Auto immune disease resulting in mucosal destruction. Normal flora (opportunistic pathogen) infiltration of damaged tissue with extensive areas of hemorrhage. Bloody and mucus-filled stools seen with abrupt bowel movements.
Treatment: immunosuppressants (steroids)
Sickle Cell Anemia
Genetic mutation in negroid race to protect against malaria. RBCs are football or crescent shaped with Rolex (chains) forming. Complications are clotting with capillary destruction resulting in extensive bruising and hemorrhaging in organs.
Treatment: Blood transfusion
Infectious Mononucleosis
Human Herpes Virus 4 AKA Epstein-Barr “kissing disease”. Affecting mostly 12-21 year olds due to puberty. Infects B lymphocytes which swell and burst due to presence of virus inside.
Signs: Extreme fatigue and generalized achiness lasting 2-6 months.
Treatment: bed rest
Pancreatitis
Viruses, alcohol, poisons with secondary bacterial infection by gut normal flora (E. Coli). Presents with severe abdominal pain, vomiting, and changes in bowel habits. Enzymatic fat necrosis due to autolysis of exocrine pancreas (digestive enzyme production).
Treatment: assorted chemo therapies according to Etiologic agent; can be lethal
Cirrhosis
Viruses (Hep B & C; not A) alcohol, and toxins. Areas surrounding portal triads are heavy with scar tissue and lymphocytes. This places pressure in the hepatic lobule and damages hepatocytes. Hepatocytes are missing nuclei= coagulation necrosis. Long term outcome liver failure and/or hepatocellular carcinoma. Treatment: lessen exposure toxins; transplant
Acute Pyelonephritis
Escherichia coli. Presents with severe low back pain with radiation to flanks and upper legs. Severe destruction of kidney tissue particularly glomeruli and vascular recta. Tubules are filled with dying cells surrounded by focal areas of hemorrhage. Long term consequences: scarring leading to formation of kidney stones and loss of organ function.
Treatment: antibiotics
Chronic Cystitis
E. coli. Bladder infection. Transitional epithelium is being sloughed off with lymphocytes streaming into underlying connective tissue. Long term consequences: constant irritation of bladder with thickening of bladder walls= incontinence.
Treatment: immunosuppressant therapy with sequential antibiotic therapy
Epididymitis
Neisseria gonorrhea; chlamydia trachomatis: E. coli. (Rarely).
Acute infection results in pain, swelling of the scrotum, and deterioration of the epididymis and testis.
Treatment: antibiotic therapy but if started too late in the course if the disease sterility and possible removal of the scrotum to confine infection
