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Animal A&P Final > Micro final > Flashcards

Micro final Flashcards

1
Q

A 1918 pandemic that killed >20million

A

Influenza

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2
Q

A plague that killed 25% of the worlds population in the 14th century

A

Yersinia pestis

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3
Q

How was the Hantavirus spread in 1993

A

ZOONOTIC TRANSMISSION (deer mice)

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4
Q

Pathogenic mechanisms that allow some microbes to overcome our defenses

A

Capsules, Enzymes, Toxins

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5
Q

Etiology

A

disease causation

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6
Q

Pathogenesis

A

how a disease develops

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7
Q

Infection

A

invasion or colonization by microbs

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8
Q

Disease

A

any change from a state of health

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9
Q

Normal Microbiota

A

Microorganisms that live in/on us without causing disease

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10
Q

Opportunistic pathogens

A

May cause disease when in an abnormal location (E.coli)

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11
Q

carriers

A

harbor potential pathogens without symptoms

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12
Q

Epidemioology

A

Study of disease occurrence and transmission

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13
Q

Microbial antagonism

A

Normal flora preventing overgrowth/colonization by pathogens

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14
Q

symbiosis

A

commensalism (one benefits)
mutualism (both benefit)
parasitism (one benefits at the expense of another)

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15
Q

Krochs Postulates and expectation

A

confirms the etiologic agent of an infectious disease

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16
Q

Terms describing the effects infectious disease have on the hosts body

A

signs (apparent)
symptoms (inapparent)
syndromes (both typically associated with disease)

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17
Q

Disease classes based upon behavior within population

A

communicable (stds)
contagious (colds,flu)
noncommunicable (tetanus)

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18
Q

incidence

A

specific time period

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19
Q

prevalence

A

all cases (old and new)

20
Q

sporadic disease

A

occasional

21
Q

endemic

A

always present within a population

22
Q

epidemic

A

regional outbreak- short

23
Q

pandemic

A

worldwide outbreak- short

24
Q

Acute severity

A

rapid and short

25
Q

chronic severity

A

Slow and continual

26
Q

Subacute severity

A

between acute and chronic

27
Q

Latent severity

A

following the acute stage in becomes dormant, and may reoccur later

28
Q

Incubation stage

A

initial exposure to 1st symptom

29
Q

Prodromal stage

A

early and mild symptoms

30
Q

Illness stage

A

most acute (rapid and short)

31
Q

Decline stage

A

symptoms begin to subside

32
Q

Convalescence stage

A

return to health but may still be contagious

33
Q

The spread of infections comes from

A

humans
animals
soil/water

34
Q

Transmission of disease (3)

A

Contact- direct, indirect, droplet(saliva)
vehicle- water,food, air, blood
Vector- Mechanical (insect bodies) and Biological (active)

35
Q

Immunity defence (3)

A
  1. skin and mucus membrane
  2. inflammation
    3,acquired immunity
36
Q

How does inflammation develope

A

histamine released by mast cells, blood increase, causes swelling,

37
Q

What is Autoimmune disease

A

occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks itself

38
Q

First line of Defense

A

intact skin
mucous membranes & their secretions
normal microbiota

39
Q

Second line of defense

A

Phagocytic white blood cells
inflammation
fever
antimicrobial substances

40
Q

Third Line of defence

A

Specialized lymphocytes: Beta and T-cells

Antibodies and cytokines

41
Q

Metabolic Diversity

A

Due to their extreme metabolic diversity microbes play critical roles in all of earths ecosystems

42
Q

Soil Microbiology and Biogeochemical cycles

A

In soil, microbes recycle critical elements which is essential for the existence of life on earth

43
Q

Pollution control by microorganisms

A
  1. bioremediation- microbes degrade/detoxify pollutants

2. Bioaugmentation- use of artificially selected for genetically modified microbes for bioremediation

44
Q

Role of Microbes in ecosystems

A

transformation, regulation, recycling of vital nutrients

45
Q

Biosphere 2

A

an enclosed self-sustaining ecosystem based on the concept of total recycling; failed due to O2 depletion resulting from overgrowth of microbes

46
Q

Bioremediation

A

microbes metabolically degrade landfill wastes, this process can be enhanced by the addition of air and water (bioventing)

Animal A&P Final (2 decks)

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