Micro COMLEX review Flashcards
Bugs that don’t gram stain?
Treponema, Rickettsia, Mycoplasma, Mycobacteria, Listeria, Chlamydia (These Rascals May Microscopically Lack Color)
Obligate Aerobes?
Nocardia, Pseudomonas, Mycobacterium TB, Bacillus (These Nagging Pests Must Breathe)
Obligate Anaerobes?
Clostridium, Bacteroides, Actinomyces (Can’t Breathe Air)
Intracellular bugs?
Ricketsia, Chlaymidia, Salmonella, Neisseria, Brucella, Mycbacterium, Listeria, Francicella, Legionella, Yersinis pestis ( when its Really Cold Some Nasty Bugs May Live FacultativeLY)
Bugs with Capsules?
Strep pnemo, Haemophilus influenza B, Neisseria meningitis, E.coli, Salmonella, Klebsiella, group B strep. (SHiNE SKiS)
Catalase + bugs?
Pseudomonas, Literia, Aspergillus, Candida, E. coli, Staph aureus, Serratia (cats need PLACESS)
Protein A MOA?
binds the FC portion of Ig and prevents opsonizaion, thus prevents PHAGOCYTOSIS! (S. aureus)
IgA protease MOA?
cleaves IgA (S. pneumo, H. influ, Neisseria)
M protein MOA?
prevents phagocytosis. (S pyogenes). This is what causes Rhuematic fever
What is endotoxin?
inside the walls of gram (-) bacteria. It is part of the LPS. Protein A is the core and it is the antigen.
What is exotoxin?
Proteins that get released from the bacteria. Exotoxins are released by all the major gram + bacteria except Listeria.
exotoxin: diptheria toxin?
inactivates EF2, whick will stop protein synthesis. (Corneybacterium diptheriae)
exotoxin: exotoxin A?
MOA: EF2 (stops protein synth = cell death). Pseudomonas aurigenosa
exotoxin: Shiga toxin?
MOA: inactivates 60S ribosome, invades intestinal mucosa = bloody diarrhea, HUS. Shigella
exotoxin: Shiga-like toxin?
MOA: inactivates 60s ribosome, bloody diarrhea, HUS.
exotoxins that inhibit protein synth?
diptheria toxin (corneybaceria), Exotoxin A (pseudomonas), Shiga toxin, Shiga-like toxin (EHEC)
Exotoxins that increase fluid secretion?
Heat labile, heat stable, choleara toxin, edema factor.
exotoxin: heat labile?
+ cAMP = increased Cl-H20 secretion = Diarrhea (ETEC)
exotoxin: heat stabile?
+ cGMP = decreased NaCl absorption = Diarrhea (ETEC)
exotoxin: edema factor?
+ cAMP (Bacillus anthrax)
exotoxin: cholear toxin?
permanetly switches on Gs = increased Cl-H2O secretion = RICE WATER DIARRHEA!
Pertussis toxin: MOA, SX
disables Gi so it is permanetly turned on = + cAMP. SX Whooping cough
Tetanus toxin: MOA
cleaves the SNARE protein and prevents release of inhibitor toxin GABA = lock jaw
Botulism toxin: MOA
cleaves the SNARE protein and prevents release of ACh = floppy baby, flaccid paralysis.