Micro-Bacteriology

Question 1

What is the basic groups of bacteria?

Answer 1

1-cocci
2-bacili
3-spirochetes

Question 2

What is name of bacteria that have many shapes?

Answer 2

Pleomorphic bacteria

Question 3

The shape of bacteria dependent on

Answer 3

Rigid of ceel wall

Question 4

Why microscopic apperanc of bacteria ismost important

Answer 4

Because it criteria in identification on bacteria type

Question 5

Also an arrengement of the bacteria is important give an example about this

Answer 5

1-some bacteria (cocci) occur in pairs=diplococci
2-some occur in chain=streptococci
3-some occur in clusters=staphylococci

Question 6

The arrengment of bacteria dependent on

Answer 6

Orientation and degreeof attachment during cell division

Question 7

Bacteria rang in size from

Answer 7

0.2 to 5um

Question 8

The smallest bacteria is

Answer 8

Mycoplasm that have the same size of largest virous (poxvirus

Question 9

All bacteria have cell wall exept

Answer 9

Mycoplasm bacteria

Question 10

Cell wall of bacteria comosed of

Answer 10

Peptidoglycans

Question 11

What is the function of peptidoglycans

Answer 11

1-provide structural support to cell wall
2-maintaine the characteristic shape of cell
3-withstand of low osmotic pressure such as water

Question 12

What are the diffrences between germ gpositive and gram - negative bacteria?

Answer 12

In strectuer and chemical composition and thickness of cell wall

Question 13

Peptidoglycan layer is thickness in gram - positive bacteria than in gram-negative

Answer 13

Yes 👍😍

Question 14

Gram - positive bacteria have fibers inthe that protrued outside peptidoglycan layer called

Answer 14

Teichoic acid

Question 15

Gram - negative bacteria have comlex outer layer composed from

Answer 15

1-lipopolysaccharied
2-lipoprotein
3-phospholipied

Question 16

Where the lipopolysaccharied located in gram - negative bacteria

Answer 16

Between outer membrane layer and cytoplasmic membrane in (periplasmic space

Question 17

All the peptidoglycan and LPS and proteins and cell wall ;ribosome and porin proteins are considered

Answer 17

Antigens to antibiotics

Question 18

What is the function of porin proteins in bacteria

Answer 18

Serve as channel to allow of sugers ;vitamins;amino acid ;metals and antimicrobial drugs such as panicilin to pass through it

Question 19

What example about acid - fast bacteria

Answer 19

Mycobacterial tuberculosis

Question 20

Acid - fast bacteria is called in this name because

Answer 20

It have an usual cell wall contain high consntration of lipid that called mycolic acid that resist decolorization with acid - alcohol after being stained with carbolfuchsin

Question 21

Glycerol Teichoic acid that pentrait the peptidoglycan and attached with lipid in cytoplasmic membrane is called

Answer 21

Lipoteichoic acid

Question 22

The stracture of peptidoglycan consist of three components

Answer 22

1-glycan sugers (NAM;NAG)
2-tetrapeptid chain
3-cross links (peptid interbridge)

Question 23

Some of antimicrobial drugs attack peptid interbridge such as

Answer 23

Panicilin cephalosporinand vancomysin

Question 24

LPS(endotoxin) responsiple for

Answer 24

1-some fetures of diseas such as fever and shock(hypotention)

Question 25

Endotoxin its called in this name because

Answer 25

It is an integral part of the cell wall of bacteria instead exotoxin that directly secreted from bacteria

Question 26

LPS composed of three distinct units are

Answer 26

1-lipid A that responsible for toxic effect
2-core polysaccharid that link ketodeoxyoculnate with lipid A by 5sugers
3 outer polysaccharid that have up to 25 repiting unite with 3-5 sugers

Question 27

The outer polymers is important somatic ;O ;antigens of gram - negative bacteria ne

Answer 27

Yes

Question 28

Teichoic acid composed of

Answer 28

Either glycerol phosphat or ribitol phosphate

Question 29

What is the medical important of teichoic acid

Answer 29

1-induce inflammation and septic shock

2- mediated the attachment of staphilococci to mucosal cells

Question 30

What is the difference between cytoplasmic membrane in bacteria and euochryotic cells

Answer 30

Euochryotic cells have sterols ;procharyotic cells not have sterols exept (mycoplasm)

Question 31

What is the the 3 function of cytoplasmic membrane?

Answer 31

1-active transport of molecule into the cell
2-energy generation by oxidative phosphorlation
3-synthesis of Precursors of cell wall
4-secretion of toxic and enzyms

Question 32

Cytoplasm in bacteria have 2 part

Answer 32

1-an amorphous matrix that contain(ribosome ;plasmid ;granules;metabolites

2-innernnucliotid region composed of DNA

Question 33

What is the difference between ribosomal bacteria and ribosome in euochryotic cells

Answer 33

In size and chemical composition

BR=70s with 50s and 30s subunite

ER=80s in size with 60s and 40s

Question 34

Granules serve as

Answer 34

Storage areas for nutrient and stain

Question 35

What the cause of diphtheria diseas

Answer 35

Metachromatic granules in corynebacterium diphtheria

Question 36

What is the nuclioid in bacteria?

Answer 36

Is the area where DNA located in it

Question 37

What is the difference between size of DNA of bacteria and HUMAN DNA

Answer 37

The size of DNA of bacteria is about 2*10(9) and have about 2000 genomes instade DNA of human have 100.000genomes

Question 38

What is the plasmid?

Answer 38

Extrachromosomal ;duble strand and circular DNA molecule found in the Cytoplasm of bacteria

Question 39

What is the types of plasmid?

Answer 39

1-transmissible plasmid

2-Nontransmissible plasmid

Question 40

What is the medical importance of bactrial plasmid?

Answer 40

1-antibiotic resistance
2-ultraviolit resistance
3-resistance of heavy metals such as mercury
4-pili

5-exotoxin