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PPQ PATH > Micro > Flashcards

Micro Flashcards

1
Q

Virus that resides in pharynx and GIT

A

Polio Virus 1:100 encephalitis, 1:1000 destruction of motor neurons

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2
Q

Neutralizing antibodies are formed against this

A

gp120. Think GP (as being neutral)

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3
Q

Non-neutralizing antibodies are formed against this.

A

Answer – p24!!!Think HIV Test

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4
Q

Conformational change of HIV

A

gp41 can only penatrate the cells where there was conformational change of CD4+

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5
Q

enzyme that copies with errors

A

reverse transcriptase

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6
Q

The natural chemokine able to inhibit HIV fusion to CD4 cells

A

MIP-1 alpha

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7
Q

Syphilis Mx

A

Benzyl penicillin

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8
Q

Gonorrhoea Mx

A

cephalosporins: Ceftraixone or Cefexime

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9
Q

Trichomonas Mx

A

Metronidazole

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10
Q

Painless indurated ulcer, grown on dark brown medium, spiral shaped organism found.

A

Treponema Palladium

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11
Q

Condylomata Acumina strains

A

6 and 11 are causative

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12
Q

Lady with discharge, no other symptoms, and causative infection found on wet slide microscopy.

A

Trichomonas

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13
Q

. Guy with urethral discharge. Partner has itchy vaginaand THIN white discharge. >5 Polymorphs on microscopy

A

Gonorrhea

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14
Q

Gonorrhoea Mx

A

ceftriaxone 500 mg IM + azithromycin 1 g oral as a single dose. The azithromycin is thought to act synergistically with ceftriaxone and is also useful for eradicating any co-existent Chlamydia infections. This combination can be used in pregnant women as well

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15
Q

Molluscum contagiosum. What is the causative organism?

A

Pox Virus

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16
Q

Haemorrhagic cystitis post-transplant:

A

BK virus

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17
Q

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease:

A

EBV

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18
Q

Nigeria, rats, haemorrhagic, arenaviridae

A

Lassa fever

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19
Q

Arbovirus, America, mosquitoes, polio-like

A

West Nile

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20
Q

Smoking, COPD, gram negative coccobacilli

A

H.influenza

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21
Q

CAP: moderate to severe

A

clari + one of co-amoxiclav or cefuroxime

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22
Q

CAP atypical

A

Atypical - macrolide or tetracycline

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23
Q

Man goes to wedding in Devon, comes back with pneumonia + confusion (hyponatraemia)

A

Legionella

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24
Q

Transplant patient on immunosuppressives (post-transplkant) has pneumonia - halo sign (multiple) on Xray or cavitatiting lesion

A

Aspergillums

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25
Q

cold autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (cold agglutinin test!!!!!)

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

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26
Q

Abdo pain and fever + CONSTIPATION but no diarrhoea

A

Sallmonella

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27
Q

Sallmonella Mx

A

Ceftriaxone or ciprofloxacin

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28
Q

Food poisoning +/- bloody diarrhoea, affects distal colon

A

Shigella

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29
Q

the commonest cause of bloody diarrhoea, headache, abdominal pain, drinking unpasteurized milk associated severe cramps per umbilical abdominal pain and fever; drinking unpasteurised milk (hedache_fever +bloody + foul smelling diarrhoea)

A

campylobacter

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30
Q

Giardia

A

ELIZA

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31
Q

○ Peyer’s patches, gram negative non lactose fermenter, necrotising granulomas
○ Complications: Reactive arthritis, erythema nodosum, enterocolitis
● Gram negative, coccobacilli
● Typically produces a protracted terminal ileitis that may mimic Crohns disease

A

Yeresnia

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32
Q

A 26 year old presents with abdominal pain, watery diarrohoea, three days after eating undercooked meat

A

Cryptospioris

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33
Q

Cryptospioris diagnosis

A

Diagnosis stool: modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain stool ova and parasites: positive

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34
Q

Listeria diagnostic test

A

stool culture: rarely positive, blood and CSF culture: positive

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35
Q

Pseudomonas ABx

A

Ceftazidime

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36
Q

(below the diaphragm) - Gram negatives

A

Ciprofloxacin

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37
Q

MRSA, 3rd episode of

A

Vancomycin + taicoplanin,

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38
Q

meningitis prophylaxis in contacts:

A

oral ciprofloxacin

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39
Q 
Patient on ITU develops sepsis – gram (+) cocci in chains MacConkey plate
Enterococcus gram (+) cocci in chains aesculin positive (Vancomycin/Teicoplanin Resistant?)
A

Linezolid

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40
Q

super resistant, grow on McKoney agar plate.

A

Enteroccus – gram (+) cocci –

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41
Q

Strep sore throat treatment in kid

A

Phenoxymethylpenicillin

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42
Q

Broad spec, no pseudomonal activity usually given with a beta lactamase inhibitor

A

Augmentin=Co-amoxiclav

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43
Q

A glycopeptide used to treat MRSA C diff or not tolerating/responding to metronidazole

A

Vancomycin + teicoplanin

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44
Q

A DNA synthesis inhibitor used to treat Pseudomonas infections but bad against anaerobes

A

Gentamycin

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45
Q

HAP Within 5 days of admission:

A

co-amoxiclav or cefuroxime

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46
Q

Hospital-acquired pneumonia more than 5 days

A

piperacillin with tazobactam
OR a broad-spectrum cephalosporin (e.g. ceftazidime)
OR a quinolone (e.g. ciprofloxacin)

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47
Q

Abx of the Macrolide/lincosamide/streptogrammin group used to treat some atypical pneumonias

A

clarithomycin

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48
Q

Burn victims gramm (-) green pigment oxidase positive:

A

Pseudomonas

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49
Q

Trauma, open wound, gas gangrene

A

Clostridium perfringens

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50
Q

Mum with skin infection, son has sore throat

A

Strep pyogenes

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51
Q

Child with red rash oedematous, first on face and crosses nasal bridge and spreads quickly

A

erysipelas

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52
Q

34 year old farmer cuts his leg whilst working. 3 days later he presents to A&E with a grossly oedematous leg that is discoloured with multiple necrotic bullae:

A

necrotising facilities, streptococus pyogenes

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53
Q

Fever + contact with cattle

A

brucella abortus

54
Q

shell-fish, contaminated water, incubation 2-6 weeks, IgM and high ALT

A

Hep A

55
Q

mostly caused by Leishmania donovani, occurs in the Mediterranean, Asia, South America, Africa, fever, sweats, rigors, massive splenomegaly. Hepatomegaly, poor appetite*, weight loss, grey skin - ‘kala-azar’ means black sicknes

A

Visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar):

56
Q

A 27 year old male recently returned from visiting India complains of lethargy and fatigue. On examination his sclera are visibly jaundiced

A

Plasmodium falciparum

57
Q

10) A 27 year old male recently returned from visiting India complains of malaise and arthralgia. On examination he is febrile at 38. - if contact with cattle

A

Dengue fever or Brucelliosis (gram negative rod)

58
Q

fever, headache, malaise. rose spots

A

Typhoid

59
Q

Typhoid investigation

A

Culture from blood

60
Q

prurituic purpuric swimmers rash

A

Schistomiasis

61
Q

Tinea capitis (ring-worm of the scalp)

A

Microsporum canis

62
Q

Pulmonary infection, immunocompromised, found in soil assoc/ with bat or bird droppings

A

Histoplasmosis

63
Q

○ Opportunistic, really bad, rapidly spreads, brain, lungs, black discharge from nose
○ Needs amphotericin B (cryptococcal meningitis

A

Mucur Inducus

64
Q

● Child, gram negative cocci

A

Men

65
Q

gram (+) cocci in chains

A

Gr B Streptococcus

66
Q

Gram positive bacillus

A

Listeria

67
Q

Gram-negative, coccobacilly

A

Haemophilus influenza:

68
Q

Can transmit via placenta especially in late pregnancy

A

syphillis

69
Q

Haemorrhagic cystitis in children , virus

A

adenovirus

70
Q

● Protozoan infection which can be passed on to baby to the unborn child including microcephaly, hydrocephalus, cerebral calcification and choroidoretinitis.

A

toxoplasmic

71
Q

french people, elevated liver enzymes,

A

toxoplasma

72
Q

CSF may reveal a pleocytosis, with ‘tumbling motility’ on wet mounts, unpasteurised milk, pregnant and HIV
(gram +) rod

A

Listeria

73
Q

Disease that requires rapid vaccination at birth/immunoglobulins if mother is highly infectious.

A

Hep B

74
Q

Disease that require C-section if mother has an outbreak at 34wks or later due to risk of transmission vaginally

A

HSV:

75
Q

Disease which if transmitted to baby: they can initially be symptomless but then come down with problems - long term sequelae

A

Beta herpes virus = CMV

76
Q

Skin lesions, lymphadenopathy, failure to thrive -

A

syphillis

77
Q

2nd most common in young women UTI

A

Staph saprophyticus

78
Q

Associated with renal calculus

A

Proteus

79
Q

UTI in cather men

A

e.coli

80
Q

associated with anatomical abnormalities of the urinary track

A

Klebsiella

81
Q

Woman with UTI - Culture grows gram positive cocci in clusters

A

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

82
Q

Rat bite with lymphadenopathy (could also be streptobacillus moniliformis)

A

Spirillum minus

83
Q

Hyatid disease - ecinococcus granulosus

A

Cysts in brain and liver, sheep related, rugby player bursts cyst -L> anaphylaxis type reaction

84
Q

refers to a type of cerebral oedema in which the blood brain barrier (BBB) is disrupted (cf. cytotoxic cerebral oedema, where BBB is intact). It is an extracellular oedema which mainly affects the white matter via leakage of fluid from capillaries.

A

Vasogenic cerebral oedema
It is most frequently seen around brain tumours (both primary and secondary) and cerebral abscesses, although some vasogenic oedema may be seen around maturing cerebral contusion and cerebral haemorrhage.

85
Q

Hepato-renal faulure, phtofobia,microagglutination test

A

Leptospiriosis

86
Q

donvovanosis

A

klebsiella granulomatis

87
Q

should be used in caution in patients with megaloblastic anemia

A

trimetophrim

88
Q

binds to 30s ribosomal subunit, COPD exacerbation

A

doxycycline

89
Q

acts on 50s subunit, side effect is aplstic anemia

A

chloroamphenicol

90
Q

effective reverse transctiptase both for Hep B and HUV

A

lamivudine

91
Q

inhibition of reverse transcription enzyme

A

efavfarinez

92
Q

inhibits viral assembly

A

ritonavir -protease inhibitor

93
Q

hypopigemntation of the skin pityriasis versicolor

A

malasessia furfur

94
Q

type I hypersensitivity leading to bronchospasm and oesinophilia

A

aspergiliosis

95
Q

fungus of the scalp in children

A

tinea capitis

96
Q

tinea corporis affecting trunk arms and legs

A

raised red rings

97
Q

contact with animals (farm) plus athralygia (back pain) plus muscle pain

A

brucelliosis

98
Q

hedache + fever + mylagia, rash theat spreads from teh LIMBS TO THE TRUNK

A

ricketssia or rocky moutain spotted fever

99
Q

cat scratch disease

A

bartonella

100
Q

crusted lesion at site of bite

may be underlying ulcer, sandfly

A

Cutaneous leishmaniasis

101
Q

caused by Leishmania braziliensis

skin lesions may spread to involve mucosae of nose, pharynx etc, sandfly, ulcer does not heal

A

Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

102
Q

fever, sweats, rigors
massive splenomegaly. hepatomegaly
poor appetite*, weight loss
grey skin - ‘kala-azar’ means black sickness

A

visceral leishmaniasis

103
Q

the most common cause of artheritis in young adult is

A

gonnorhoea nor staph aureus!!!!!! Remember broad spectrum antibiotic !!!!!

104
Q

associated with colonic malignacy

A

s.bovis

105
Q

actually colonises the cathethers

A

Klebsiella (gram - rod)

106
Q

UTI in immunocompromised

A

Entrtoccocous

107
Q

nausea, vomitting, constipation, abdo pain and then diarroohoea

A

Salmonella enteritidies not salmonella typhi!!!!

108
Q

flask shaped ulucer - silver flask

A

amoeba!!!

109
Q

Salmonella Typhi

A 
ABCCDE
athralagia
bradycardia
cough
constipation
diarrhoea
erthmatues rose spots
110
Q

the name of the rash in rheumatic fever

A

erythema marginatum

111
Q

Met is used for

A

GET you difficult bugs!

Giardiasis Entomeba Trichomonas C difficile

112
Q

glycopeptide antibiotic, inhibits cell wall synthesis, active against gram (+) not gram negatives

A

vancomycin Remember it as a van with big RED CROSS

113
Q

side efefct of vancomycin

A

Driver in Van being very angry,brght red face - red man syndrome

114
Q

Sudden decline in cognitive function at 65 , rapid dementia followed up by the jerking movements

A

sporoadic CJD
demented LAMB: dementia, akinetic mutism, myoclonus, cortical blindness,
electrogradiogram

115
Q

Tonilar biopsy is needed for

A

variant CJD

116
Q

young onset of the condition dem

A

Psychiatry symptoms first with young age of onset.

117
Q

development of portal hypertension in patient with chronic liver disease

A

spontaneuos bacterial peritonitis

118
Q

chagas dizease

A

kissing bug, tryptosonama cruzi , tse-tse

119
Q

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy:

A

JC virus

120
Q

Smoking, gram negative coccus

A

M catarrhalis

121
Q

Pt from south america with weight loss, haemoptysis and weight loss, upper lobe pneumonia

A

aspergilliosis

122
Q

IVDU patient with Ground glass on xray

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia

123
Q

Typically accompanied by fever and vomiting for the first 2 days. The diarrhoea may last up to a week

A

rotavirus

124
Q

○ consumption of shellfish, prepared foods, salads, sandwiches, fruit
○ symptoms: nausea, abdominal cramps, followed by diarrhoea and vomiting;

A

Norovirus

125
Q

○ MSSA

○ Gram positive + penicillin allergy

A

Erythromycin

126
Q

flask shaped cysts in liver

A

Entomeba

127
Q

A 27 year old male recently returned from visiting India complains of malaise and arthralgia. On examination he is febrile at 38.6.

A

Dengue fever or Brucelliosis

128
Q

Disease that causes Hydrops fetalis if caught in first 20wks:

A

Parvovirus B19

129
Q

A 34-year-old female at 24 weeks gestation complains of reduced foetal movements. An ultrasound scan reveals that the foetus is hydropic. Her 4-year-old child recently had a febrile illness and an associated erythematous rash on the face with circumoral pallor. What is the most likely infectious agent?

A

Chicken pox

130
Q

Disease which if transmitted to baby: they can initially be symptomless but then come down with problems - long term sequelae.

A

beta herpes virus=CMV

131
Q

gram (+) cocci in clusers in cathers

A

staphyloccous saphroticus

PPQ PATH (5 decks)

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