Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PPQ PATH > Micro > Flashcards

Micro Flashcards

1
Q

Virus that resides in pharynx and GIT

A

Polio Virus 1:100 encephalitis, 1:1000 destruction of motor neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Neutralizing antibodies are formed against this

A

gp120. Think GP (as being neutral)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Non-neutralizing antibodies are formed against this.

A

Answer – p24!!!Think HIV Test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Conformational change of HIV

A

gp41 can only penatrate the cells where there was conformational change of CD4+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

enzyme that copies with errors

A

reverse transcriptase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The natural chemokine able to inhibit HIV fusion to CD4 cells

A

MIP-1 alpha

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Syphilis Mx

A

Benzyl penicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Gonorrhoea Mx

A

cephalosporins: Ceftraixone or Cefexime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Trichomonas Mx

A

Metronidazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Painless indurated ulcer, grown on dark brown medium, spiral shaped organism found.

A

Treponema Palladium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Condylomata Acumina strains

A

6 and 11 are causative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Lady with discharge, no other symptoms, and causative infection found on wet slide microscopy.

A

Trichomonas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

. Guy with urethral discharge. Partner has itchy vaginaand THIN white discharge. >5 Polymorphs on microscopy

A

Gonorrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Gonorrhoea Mx

A

ceftriaxone 500 mg IM + azithromycin 1 g oral as a single dose. The azithromycin is thought to act synergistically with ceftriaxone and is also useful for eradicating any co-existent Chlamydia infections. This combination can be used in pregnant women as well

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Molluscum contagiosum. What is the causative organism?

A

Pox Virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Haemorrhagic cystitis post-transplant:

A

BK virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease:

A

EBV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Nigeria, rats, haemorrhagic, arenaviridae

A

Lassa fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Arbovirus, America, mosquitoes, polio-like

A

West Nile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Smoking, COPD, gram negative coccobacilli

A

H.influenza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

CAP: moderate to severe

A

clari + one of co-amoxiclav or cefuroxime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

CAP atypical

A

Atypical - macrolide or tetracycline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Man goes to wedding in Devon, comes back with pneumonia + confusion (hyponatraemia)

A

Legionella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Transplant patient on immunosuppressives (post-transplkant) has pneumonia - halo sign (multiple) on Xray or cavitatiting lesion

A

Aspergillums

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

cold autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (cold agglutinin test!!!!!)

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Abdo pain and fever + CONSTIPATION but no diarrhoea

A

Sallmonella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Sallmonella Mx

A

Ceftriaxone or ciprofloxacin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Food poisoning +/- bloody diarrhoea, affects distal colon

A

Shigella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

the commonest cause of bloody diarrhoea, headache, abdominal pain, drinking unpasteurized milk associated severe cramps per umbilical abdominal pain and fever; drinking unpasteurised milk (hedache_fever +bloody + foul smelling diarrhoea)

A

campylobacter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Giardia

A

ELIZA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

○ Peyer’s patches, gram negative non lactose fermenter, necrotising granulomas
○ Complications: Reactive arthritis, erythema nodosum, enterocolitis
● Gram negative, coccobacilli
● Typically produces a protracted terminal ileitis that may mimic Crohns disease

A

Yeresnia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

A 26 year old presents with abdominal pain, watery diarrohoea, three days after eating undercooked meat

A

Cryptospioris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Cryptospioris diagnosis

A

Diagnosis stool: modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain stool ova and parasites: positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Listeria diagnostic test

A

stool culture: rarely positive, blood and CSF culture: positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Pseudomonas ABx

A

Ceftazidime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

(below the diaphragm) - Gram negatives

A

Ciprofloxacin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

MRSA, 3rd episode of

A

Vancomycin + taicoplanin,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

meningitis prophylaxis in contacts:

A

oral ciprofloxacin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q 
Patient on ITU develops sepsis – gram (+) cocci in chains MacConkey plate
Enterococcus gram (+) cocci in chains aesculin positive (Vancomycin/Teicoplanin Resistant?)
A

Linezolid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

super resistant, grow on McKoney agar plate.

A

Enteroccus – gram (+) cocci –

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Strep sore throat treatment in kid

A

Phenoxymethylpenicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Broad spec, no pseudomonal activity usually given with a beta lactamase inhibitor

A

Augmentin=Co-amoxiclav

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

A glycopeptide used to treat MRSA C diff or not tolerating/responding to metronidazole

A

Vancomycin + teicoplanin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

A DNA synthesis inhibitor used to treat Pseudomonas infections but bad against anaerobes

A

Gentamycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

HAP Within 5 days of admission:

A

co-amoxiclav or cefuroxime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Hospital-acquired pneumonia more than 5 days

A

piperacillin with tazobactam
OR a broad-spectrum cephalosporin (e.g. ceftazidime)
OR a quinolone (e.g. ciprofloxacin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Abx of the Macrolide/lincosamide/streptogrammin group used to treat some atypical pneumonias

A

clarithomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Burn victims gramm (-) green pigment oxidase positive:

A

Pseudomonas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Trauma, open wound, gas gangrene

A

Clostridium perfringens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Mum with skin infection, son has sore throat

A

Strep pyogenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Child with red rash oedematous, first on face and crosses nasal bridge and spreads quickly

A

erysipelas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

34 year old farmer cuts his leg whilst working. 3 days later he presents to A&E with a grossly oedematous leg that is discoloured with multiple necrotic bullae:

A

necrotising facilities, streptococus pyogenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Fever + contact with cattle

A

brucella abortus

54
Q

shell-fish, contaminated water, incubation 2-6 weeks, IgM and high ALT

55
Q

mostly caused by Leishmania donovani, occurs in the Mediterranean, Asia, South America, Africa, fever, sweats, rigors, massive splenomegaly. Hepatomegaly, poor appetite*, weight loss, grey skin - ‘kala-azar’ means black sicknes

A

Visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar):

56
Q

A 27 year old male recently returned from visiting India complains of lethargy and fatigue. On examination his sclera are visibly jaundiced

A

Plasmodium falciparum

57
Q

10) A 27 year old male recently returned from visiting India complains of malaise and arthralgia. On examination he is febrile at 38. - if contact with cattle

A

Dengue fever or Brucelliosis (gram negative rod)

58
Q

fever, headache, malaise. rose spots

59
Q

Typhoid investigation

A

Culture from blood

60
Q

prurituic purpuric swimmers rash

A

Schistomiasis

61
Q

Tinea capitis (ring-worm of the scalp)

A

Microsporum canis

62
Q

Pulmonary infection, immunocompromised, found in soil assoc/ with bat or bird droppings

A

Histoplasmosis

63
Q

○ Opportunistic, really bad, rapidly spreads, brain, lungs, black discharge from nose
○ Needs amphotericin B (cryptococcal meningitis

A

Mucur Inducus

64
Q

● Child, gram negative cocci

65
Q

gram (+) cocci in chains

A

Gr B Streptococcus

66
Q

Gram positive bacillus

67
Q

Gram-negative, coccobacilly

A

Haemophilus influenza:

68
Q

Can transmit via placenta especially in late pregnancy

69
Q

Haemorrhagic cystitis in children , virus

A

adenovirus

70
Q

● Protozoan infection which can be passed on to baby to the unborn child including microcephaly, hydrocephalus, cerebral calcification and choroidoretinitis.

A

toxoplasmic

71
Q

french people, elevated liver enzymes,

A

toxoplasma

72
Q

CSF may reveal a pleocytosis, with ‘tumbling motility’ on wet mounts, unpasteurised milk, pregnant and HIV
(gram +) rod

73
Q

Disease that requires rapid vaccination at birth/immunoglobulins if mother is highly infectious.

74
Q

Disease that require C-section if mother has an outbreak at 34wks or later due to risk of transmission vaginally

75
Q

Disease which if transmitted to baby: they can initially be symptomless but then come down with problems - long term sequelae

A

Beta herpes virus = CMV

76
Q

Skin lesions, lymphadenopathy, failure to thrive -

77
Q

2nd most common in young women UTI

A

Staph saprophyticus

78
Q

Associated with renal calculus

79
Q

UTI in cather men

80
Q

associated with anatomical abnormalities of the urinary track

A

Klebsiella

81
Q

Woman with UTI - Culture grows gram positive cocci in clusters

A

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

82
Q

Rat bite with lymphadenopathy (could also be streptobacillus moniliformis)

A

Spirillum minus

83
Q

Hyatid disease - ecinococcus granulosus

A

Cysts in brain and liver, sheep related, rugby player bursts cyst -L> anaphylaxis type reaction

84
Q

refers to a type of cerebral oedema in which the blood brain barrier (BBB) is disrupted (cf. cytotoxic cerebral oedema, where BBB is intact). It is an extracellular oedema which mainly affects the white matter via leakage of fluid from capillaries.

A

Vasogenic cerebral oedema
It is most frequently seen around brain tumours (both primary and secondary) and cerebral abscesses, although some vasogenic oedema may be seen around maturing cerebral contusion and cerebral haemorrhage.

85
Q

Hepato-renal faulure, phtofobia,microagglutination test

A

Leptospiriosis

86
Q

donvovanosis

A

klebsiella granulomatis

87
Q

should be used in caution in patients with megaloblastic anemia

A

trimetophrim

88
Q

binds to 30s ribosomal subunit, COPD exacerbation

A

doxycycline

89
Q

acts on 50s subunit, side effect is aplstic anemia

A

chloroamphenicol

90
Q

effective reverse transctiptase both for Hep B and HUV

A

lamivudine

91
Q

inhibition of reverse transcription enzyme

A

efavfarinez

92
Q

inhibits viral assembly

A

ritonavir -protease inhibitor

93
Q

hypopigemntation of the skin pityriasis versicolor

A

malasessia furfur

94
Q

type I hypersensitivity leading to bronchospasm and oesinophilia

A

aspergiliosis

95
Q

fungus of the scalp in children

A

tinea capitis

96
Q

tinea corporis affecting trunk arms and legs

A

raised red rings

97
Q

contact with animals (farm) plus athralygia (back pain) plus muscle pain

A

brucelliosis

98
Q

hedache + fever + mylagia, rash theat spreads from teh LIMBS TO THE TRUNK

A

ricketssia or rocky moutain spotted fever

99
Q

cat scratch disease

A

bartonella

100
Q

crusted lesion at site of bite

may be underlying ulcer, sandfly

A

Cutaneous leishmaniasis

101
Q

caused by Leishmania braziliensis

skin lesions may spread to involve mucosae of nose, pharynx etc, sandfly, ulcer does not heal

A

Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

102
Q

fever, sweats, rigors
massive splenomegaly. hepatomegaly
poor appetite*, weight loss
grey skin - ‘kala-azar’ means black sickness

A

visceral leishmaniasis

103
Q

the most common cause of artheritis in young adult is

A

gonnorhoea nor staph aureus!!!!!! Remember broad spectrum antibiotic !!!!!

104
Q

associated with colonic malignacy

105
Q

actually colonises the cathethers

A

Klebsiella (gram - rod)

106
Q

UTI in immunocompromised

A

Entrtoccocous

107
Q

nausea, vomitting, constipation, abdo pain and then diarroohoea

A

Salmonella enteritidies not salmonella typhi!!!!

108
Q

flask shaped ulucer - silver flask

109
Q

Salmonella Typhi

A 
ABCCDE
athralagia
bradycardia
cough
constipation
diarrhoea
erthmatues rose spots
110
Q

the name of the rash in rheumatic fever

A

erythema marginatum

111
Q

Met is used for

A

GET you difficult bugs!

Giardiasis Entomeba Trichomonas C difficile

112
Q

glycopeptide antibiotic, inhibits cell wall synthesis, active against gram (+) not gram negatives

A

vancomycin Remember it as a van with big RED CROSS

113
Q

side efefct of vancomycin

A

Driver in Van being very angry,brght red face - red man syndrome

114
Q

Sudden decline in cognitive function at 65 , rapid dementia followed up by the jerking movements

A

sporoadic CJD
demented LAMB: dementia, akinetic mutism, myoclonus, cortical blindness,
electrogradiogram

115
Q

Tonilar biopsy is needed for

A

variant CJD

116
Q

young onset of the condition dem

A

Psychiatry symptoms first with young age of onset.

117
Q

development of portal hypertension in patient with chronic liver disease

A

spontaneuos bacterial peritonitis

118
Q

chagas dizease

A

kissing bug, tryptosonama cruzi , tse-tse

119
Q

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy:

120
Q

Smoking, gram negative coccus

A

M catarrhalis

121
Q

Pt from south america with weight loss, haemoptysis and weight loss, upper lobe pneumonia

A

aspergilliosis

122
Q

IVDU patient with Ground glass on xray

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia

123
Q

Typically accompanied by fever and vomiting for the first 2 days. The diarrhoea may last up to a week

124
Q

○ consumption of shellfish, prepared foods, salads, sandwiches, fruit
○ symptoms: nausea, abdominal cramps, followed by diarrhoea and vomiting;

125
Q

○ MSSA

○ Gram positive + penicillin allergy

A

Erythromycin

126
Q

flask shaped cysts in liver

127
Q

A 27 year old male recently returned from visiting India complains of malaise and arthralgia. On examination he is febrile at 38.6.

A

Dengue fever or Brucelliosis

128
Q

Disease that causes Hydrops fetalis if caught in first 20wks:

A

Parvovirus B19

129
Q

A 34-year-old female at 24 weeks gestation complains of reduced foetal movements. An ultrasound scan reveals that the foetus is hydropic. Her 4-year-old child recently had a febrile illness and an associated erythematous rash on the face with circumoral pallor. What is the most likely infectious agent?

A

Chicken pox

130
Q

Disease which if transmitted to baby: they can initially be symptomless but then come down with problems - long term sequelae.

A

beta herpes virus=CMV

131
Q

gram (+) cocci in clusers in cathers

A

staphyloccous saphroticus

PPQ PATH (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions