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12- REPRO > Micro > Flashcards

Micro Flashcards

1
Q

Organism in gonorrhoea

A

Neisseria Gonorrhoea

Gram -ve intracellular diplococcus

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2
Q

Presentation of uncomplicated gonorrhoea in males and females

A

Male: urethritis, epididymitis, proctitis, pharyngitis

Females: Cervicitis, PID, disseminated disease

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3
Q

Complications of Gonorrhoea

A

Males: epididymitis, strictures
Females: infertility, adhesions

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4
Q

Treatment for gonorrhoea

A

¥ Ceftriaxone 500 mg IMI or IVI PLUS Azithromycin 1 g

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5
Q

Sequelae of chlamydia in males and females

A

Males
¥ Urethritis
¥ Epididymitis
- 50% of all cases

¥ ?Prostatitis

¥ Infertility
- CT → premature sperm death

¥ Throat and rectal infections

Females

¥ Infertility

¥ Pelvic Pain
¥ Adhesions

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6
Q

Treatment for chlamydia

A

Azithromycun and doxycycline

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7
Q

Candidiasis organism, clinical, diagnosis and treatment

A

C. albicans and C. glabrata
Clinical: pruritis and discharge
Diagnosis: history, pH < 4.5, culture
Treatment: topical imidazoles

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8
Q

Trichomonas organism, clinical, diagnosis and treatment

A

Diagnosis: nucleic acid
Organism: T vaginalis protozoan
Clinical: frothy discharge pruritis, red inflamed vagina
Treatment: metronidazole, tinidazole

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9
Q

Immediate treatment of new onset low abdominal pain in young women

A

PID - ceftriaxone and azithromycin

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10
Q

Preconception antenatal screening for immunity

A

Rubella immunity, HBV sAg, HCV, HIV, syphilis

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11
Q

Immunisation preconception

A

HBV, VZV, Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Human Papilloma virus (HPV)

Influenza and whooping cough during pregnancy

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12
Q

Post exposure prophylaxis

A

Ð Zoster (human) Immunoglobulin “ZIG” – Chickenpox
Ð Normal (human) Immunoglobulin – Measles
Ð CMV Immunoglobulin: indications for use? None for postexp

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13
Q

Congenital varicella syndrome

A 
Ð	cicatricial scarring, multidermatomal
Ð	limb hypoplasia
Ð	neurological defects
Ð	ocular defects
Ð	Risk of infant death in first 2 years: ~15%

No risk if infected >20 weeks, max risk week 13-20

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14
Q

Severe neonatal varicella infection

A

¥ Severe neonatal infection is associated with onset of maternal varicella 5 days before to 5 days after delivery.
¥ Mortality up to 30%

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15
Q

Maternal parvovirus presentation and fetal complications

A

Maternal:Ð asymptomatic in most
Ð mild respiratory tract illness
Ð arthralgia/arthritis (mainly adults esp female) +/- rash
Ð biphasic illness with rash

Fetal complications
highest risking 2nd trimester
susceptible to aplastic crisis, anaemia, high output cardiac failure
hydrous

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16
Q

Mastitis causative organism and signs

A

staph aureus, staph epidermis, group B strep

Signs: erythema, oedema, tenderness, fever, malaise

17
Q

Treatment of mastitis

A

Avoid milk stasis: continue to breast feed frequently, heat before feeds and massaging during feeds – manual expression or pump

Analgesia: ibuprofen preferred or paracetamol

Antibiotics: usually given if inflammatory symptoms have not resolved over 12-24 hours and patient unwell with systemic symptoms (flucloxacillin or clindamycin if MRSA)

18
Q

Post partum endometritis

A
  • Uterine or adnexal tenderness
  • Purulent and/or offensive lochia
  • Fever
19
Q

Risks for post party genital tract infection

A
  • <10% risk if vaginal delivery
  • 40-80% if non elective Caesar in setting of maternal chorioamnionitis
  • XS blood loss post op maternal anaemia
  • Duration of surgery
  • Technique
  • Antecedent intra amniotic infection (chorio-amnionitis)
20
Q

Bacteria in post partum genital infections

A

Anaerobes
o Peptococcus/peptostreptococcus
o Clostridium species
o Bacteriodes species

Aerobes
o Group B streptococcus
o Group A streptococcus
o Enterococci/enteric gram negative rods

21
Q

Treatment of post partum genital tract infections

A

AMOXICILLIN + GENTAMICIN + METRONIDAZOLE

22
Q

Routine prevention of post partum genital infection

A

• ROUTINE: antibiotic prophylaxis for ALL caesarean sections

23
Q

Group B streptococcal infection

A

Maternal disease: chorioamnionitis, endometritis, bacteraemia & secondary complications (wound infection, mastitis)
• usually Group B streptococci and other organisms

Neonatal disease
Early onset in first week: pneumonia, septicaemia, meningitis (higher mortality)
Late onset: after 1 week - principally meningitis

24
Q

4 Main methods of GBS infection prevention

A

¥ Intrapartum chemoprophylaxis to at risk women
¥ Postnatal penicillin prophylaxis to new born babies

¥ Vaginal disinfectants-chlorhexidine (decrease GBS bioburden)

¥ GBS polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines

12- REPRO (7 decks)

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