Micro 3 Flashcards
what pathogens cause Loefler’s syndrome (eosinophilic pneumonia)
parasitic infection:
1- Ascaris lumbricoides
2- Strongyloides stercoralis
3- Hookworms:
a- Ancylostoma duodenale
b- Necator americanus
what causes acute suppurative parotitis and how to treat it?
S. aureus
you give cloxacillin
what microbe causes Lemierre’s syndrome
Fusobacterium necrophorum (GNB, obligate anaerobe)
what is the triad of Kartagener syndrome (PCD)
‘primary ciliary dyskinesia’
triad: chronic sinusitis + bronchiectasis + situs inversus
what is the clinical scenario of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS)
initiation of ART(antiretroviral therapy) in HIV patients on
effective anti-TB treatment → TB clinical deterioration & widespread
granulomata
what are some opportunistic fungal lung infections?
1- Aspergillus
2- Mucor
3- Candida
4- Cryptococcus
5- Pneumocystis jirovecii
what is the infectious stage of Histoplasma capsulatum?
Microconidia
what is the diagnostic stage of Histoplasma capsulatum
macroconidia
what ecological niche and associated activities with Histoplasma capsulatum
ecological niche: soil contaminated with bird droppings
associated activities: caves exploration and construction
how to confirm the diagnosis of Histoplasma capsulatum
Snowstorm appearance on lung CT
immunodiffusion for precipitins:
▪ M band: past or present disease
▪ H band: active disease
what is Blastomyces dermatitidis related to (activities)
collecting wood,
what is the diagnostic stage in Blastomyces dermatitidis
lollipop-like mitochondria
- yeast (BBBB): Broad-Based Budding Blastomyces
what is the diagnostic stage of Coccidioides immits?
in mold: box car appearance
in yeast: Spherule
what is the diagnostic stage of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis?
yeast: mariner’s (captain) wheel yeast or mickey mouse ears
mold is not diagnostic
what is the clinical picture of Paracoccidioidomycosis (triad)
- Pulmonary lesion
▪ Edentulous mouth
▪ Cervical lymphadenopathy
what is the diagnostic stage of Penicillium marneffei
mold:
colonies on SDA with diffusable red pigment
what is the most common cause of pulmonary infections in
immunocompromised patients?
Aspergillus fumigatus
what is the microscopic appearance of Aspergillus fumigatus hyphae? 4
➔ not dimorphic (only mold)
➔ Septate hyaline white
➔ Parallel walls to each other
➔ Radiate from a single point: V-shape (dichotomous) > angle is 45 degrees
what do we see in invasive aspergillosis?
high levels of galactomannan Ags
what species is bread mold
Mucro spp. = zygomycetes
describe the characteristics of bread mold’s hyphae
non-septate, un-parallel walls, don’t radiate from a single point with right-angled 90º branches
what area does Mucromycosis typically involve?
rhino-facial-cranial area
how can humans get infected by cryptococcus neoformans
by inhalation of basidiospores in soil containing droppings of pigeons
what shape is cryptococcus neoformans yeast’s budding
teardrop shaped
describe the exudate in Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
frothy intra-alveolar exudate
what is elevated in Pneumocystis jirovecii infection
Elevated 1,3- beta-D-glucan level
what disease is angiotropic?
Mucormycosis
