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Micro 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Growth means

A

Orderly increase in the sum of all the
components of an organism, which reflects
increase in number of cell

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2
Q

Importance of understanding bacterial growth:

A

① Bacterial survival and transmission
② In vitro diagnostic (laboratory culture)
③ Cessation of bacterial growth for treatment

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3
Q

Rapid Growth of Bacteria

A

1,2,4,8,16,32

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4
Q

Generation time means

A

is the time it takes for a single cell to grow and divide

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5
Q

Escherichia coli time generation :

A

12.5 min

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6
Q

Staphylococcus aureus time generation :

A

27- 30 min

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7
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (agent of Tuberculosis) time generation :

A

18 - 24 hrs

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8
Q

Treponema pallidum (agent of Syphilis) time generation

A

30 hrs

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9
Q

During lag phase

A

عندما يتم وضع البكتيريا في الظروف المناسبة لا تنقسم مباشرة بل تدخل في مرحلة الadaptation )تكون في
الlag phase

cells are recovering from a period of no growth and are making macromolecules in preparation for growth

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10
Q

During log phase

A

يزداد عدد
البكتيريا مع مرور الزمن)انقسام
سريع جدا
للبكتيريا

cultures are growing maximally

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11
Q

Stationary phase

A

occurs when nutrients are depleted and
wastes accumulate (Growth rate = death rate)
حاله من التوازن بين عدد من البكتيريا الحيه والميته

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12
Q

During death phase death rate

A

is greater than growth rate

عدد البكتيريا الميتة أكبر من عدد البكتيريا
الحيه

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13
Q

Factors Affecting Bacterial Growth

A

• Temperature
• pH
• Osmotic pressure
• Oxygen
• Nutrition

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14
Q

Temperature cause :

A

① Hydrogen bonds will break at high temperatures leads
to protein denaturation
② Lipids will be more liquid
③ Outside membrane cannot preserve the integrity of the cell and it will disintegrate

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15
Q

Optimum Temperature: means

A

Temperature at which it’s growth rate is the fastest

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16
Q

Classification of Microorganisms by Temperature Requirements

A

① Psychrophiles ( 0-20°C)
② Mesophiles ( 20 – 45°C)
③ Thermophiles ( 50- 80°C)
④ Hyperthermophiles (Optima greater than 80°C)

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17
Q

Psychrophiles

A

(0-20°C)

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18
Q

Mesophiles

A

( 20 – 45°C)

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19
Q

The bacteria Thermophiles

A

( 50- 80°C)

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20
Q

Hyperthermophiles

A

Optima greater than 80°C

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21
Q

Each organism has a pH range and aPH OPTIMUM
*classification bacteria according PH

A

Acidophiles : Grow optimally
Neutrophiles: Growoptimally
Alkalophiles: Grow optimally

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22
Q

Most bacteria grow between pH

A

6.5 and 7.5

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23
Q

Molds and yeasts grow between pH

A

pH 5 and 6

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24
Q

Osmotic pressure depends on

A

① the surrounding solute concentration and
② ‘ water availability

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25
Q

Hypertonic environments, causing

A

increase salt or sugar, cause plasmolysis

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26
Q

Osmophiles تعني presser

A

organisms which thrive in high solute

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27
Q

Halophiles:ملح

A

organisms which thrive in high salt

28
Q

Osmotolerant

A

organisms which tolerate high solute

29
Q

Halotolerant

A

organisms which tolerate high salt

30
Q

Barophiles

A

organisms which thrive in high pressure

31
Q

Barotolerant

A

organisms which tolerate high pressure

32
Q

Using oxygen (O2) in metabolism creates

A

toxic waste

33
Q

Microbes that are able to use aerobic respiration produce

A

enzymes to detoxify oxygen:

34
Q

Enzyme detoxify oxygen:

A

① Catalase: H2O2 —

35
Q

Microbes that don’t make these enzymes

A

cannot exist in the presence of oxygen.

36
Q

Type of aerobes

A

① obligate
② facultative
③ micro arephiles

37
Q

Obligate mean’s

A
  • Require 02 to grow
38
Q

Facultative mean’s

A

can live with or without oxygen but grow better with oxygen

39
Q

Microaerphiles mean’s

A

require reduced level of oxygen

40
Q

Classification of organisms based on, oz utilization

A

① aerobes

② anaerobes

41
Q

Anaerobic types

A

① Aerotolerant anaerobes ! can tolerate oxygen but grow better without oxygen
② obligate don’t require o2 لانه Killed

42
Q

Culture Media

A

① Culture Medium:
② Sterile:
③ Inoculum
④ Culture

43
Q

Culture Medium means

A

Nutrients prepared for microbial growth (C, N, Phosphorus, trace elements, etc)

44
Q

Sterile means

A

No living microbes Devoid of life

45
Q

Inoculum means

A

Introduction of microbes into medium

46
Q

Culture means

A

Microbes growing in/on culture medium

47
Q

Agar

A

• Complex polysaccharide
• Used as solidifying agent for culture media in Petri plates, slants, and deeps
• Generally not metabolized by microbes
• Liquefies at 100°C
• Solidifies ~40°C

48
Q

Physical State of Media

A

① Liquid Media
② Semisolid
Solid two type

③ Solid (Can be converted into a liquid)
Loading…
④ Solid (Cannot be converted into a liquid)

49
Q

Liquid Media
Why it’s important

A

Aim to Measure (turbidity)

50
Q

Semi-sold Meida used to

A

Determines motility

51
Q

Sold Media type

A
  1. Liquefiable (Reversible)
  2. Non-liquefiable
52
Q

Selective Media Example

A

Mannitol Salt Agar [MSA]

53
Q

Differential Media Ex

A

Mannitol Salt Agar

54
Q

Methods Used to Measure Microbial Growth

A

• Count colonies on plate or filter (counts live cells) —
• Microscopic counts
.. Mass determination
• Turbitity
• Measurement of enzymatic activity or other cell
components
• Flow cytometry (FACS)

55
Q

Sold Media

A

Firm surface for discrete colony growth
Advantageous for isolating and culturing

56
Q

Special requirment

A

Nucleotide base
Amino acids
Enzymatic cofactors or “vitamins”

57
Q

Why sold media firm surface

A

For discrete colony growth

58
Q

Sold media advantageous /usful

A

For isolating and culture

59
Q

Chemical composition of culture media

A
  1. Synthetic media
    2.complex or non Synthetic media
60
Q

Synthetic media

A

defined :Chemical
Contain : Pure organic and inorganic compounds
Exact formula (little variation

61
Q

Complex or non Synthetic

A

Difend : not chemically definable
Contain : at least one ingredient that is not chemically definable
Extracts :from plants and Animal
Non exact formula
Tend to be general and grow a wide variety of organism

62
Q

Anaerobic Culture Methods

A

Anaerobic jar

63
Q

Cultures with High CO2

A

. Candle jar
. CO2-packet

64
Q

Methods Used to Measure Microbial Growth

A

• Count colonies on plate or filter (counts live cells)
• Microscopic counts
• Mass determination
• Turbitity
• Measurement of enzymatic activity or other cell
components
• Flow cytometry (FACS)

65
Q

Microscopic counts Need

A

microscope,.
2 special slides
, 3 high power
objective lens

66
Q

Microscopic counts counting

A

1.counting total microbe number
2.differential counts can also be done

Micro 3 (1 decks)

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