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NMSK B > micro > Flashcards

micro Flashcards

1
Q

S. pneumoniae morphology, virulence factors, incubation

A

Gr+ diplococcus
capsule, IgA1 protease, pneumolysin
1-3 days

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2
Q

pneumolysin

A

cholesterol dependent cytolysin that lyses cholesterol-containing membranes -> inflammation -> inhibit complement and phagocytosis

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3
Q

S. pneumoniae transmission and treatment

A

oropharynx and nasopharynx -> autoinnoculation (endogenous) esp in winter / early spring
risk factors: recent RT infx
cephalosporin, fluoroquinolone, or vancomycin
vaccine preventable

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4
Q

S. penumoniae lab

A 
catalase -
alpha hemolytic
optochin sensitive
bile-soluble (only strep that is)
quellung reaction +
facultative anaerobe
latex agglutination +
blood or chocolate agar
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5
Q

S. pnumoniae diseases

A

pneumonia (vaccine preventable)
otitis media, bacteremia, sepsis, meningitis
diseases caused by host response!

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6
Q

GBS morphology, virulence factors, incubation

A

Gr+ cocci clusters
capsule, adhesive pili,
early onset <7 days or late 7-90 days

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7
Q

GBS transmission and treatment

A

commensal in GI and GU; only harmful in pregnant women and transmitted through vaginal delivery
newborns, elderly, immunocompromised, and pregnant women at risk
penicillin, intrapartum anabiotic prophylaxis

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8
Q

GBS lab

A 
catalase -
beta hemolytic
bacitracin resistant
CAMP +
hippurate test positive
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9
Q

GBS diseases

A

baby strep, miscarriage / stillbirth / preterm delivery, bacteremia, meningitis, NJIs, STIs, sepsis

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10
Q

N. meningitids morphology, virulence factors, incubation

A

Gr- diplococci facultative intracellular strict human pathogen
capsule (ABCW135Y) IgA1 protease, pili, OMPs, LOS, blebs, variation
3-7 days

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11
Q

N. meningitidis transmission and treatment

A

nasopharynx oral secretion in winter / early spring
infancy, adolescents, close quarters
penicilline; vaccine and chemoprophylaxis of close contacts

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12
Q

N. meningitidis lab

A

catalase +
oxidase +
ferments glucose (dextrose) and maltose, not sucrose and lactose
growth on blood or chocolate agar

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13
Q

N. m diseases

A

meningitis, bacteremia, non-blanching rash, disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome (DIC), pneumonia, arthritis, urethritis

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14
Q

L. monocytogenes morphology, virulence factors, incubation

A 
Gr+ bacillus (motile) facultative intracellular in macrophages, epithelium, and fibroblasts
listerolysin O (LLO), ActA, Internalin
3-70 days
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15
Q

Listeria transmission and treatment

A

food, soil, human GI; in summer
newborns, elderly, immunocompromised, pregnant women
penicillin + gentamicin

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16
Q

Listeria lab

A 
catalase +
weak B hemolysis
CAMP +
sugar fermenting
tumbling motility in CSF
grows at refrigerated temps
17
Q

Listeria diseases

A

flu-like symptoms, miscarriage / stillbirth / premature delivery, neonate meningitis, septicemia
or self-limited gastroenteritis

18
Q

CAMP test

A

enhanced hemolysis in the presence of Staph. aureus

19
Q

hippurate test

A

purple color = hippurate hydrolysis

20
Q

internalin

A

listeria endocytosis invasion into host cells

21
Q

LLO

A

listeria creates pores to exit cells

22
Q

ActA

A

actin comet tails

polymerizes actin behind bacteria to push through cytoplasm or plasma membrane

23
Q

Hib morphology, virulence factors, incubation

A

Gr- bacillus
IgA1 protease, capsule, LOS
‘a few days’

24
Q

Hib transmission and treatment

A

direct contact or respiratory droplets in Sept - Dec, Mar - May
infants, children < 5, elderly, immunocompromised
amoxicillin or generation 2, 3 cephalosporin
vaccine and chemoprophylaxis of close contacts

25
Q

meningitis / encephalitis

A

meningitis - blood-CSF barrier, meninges infx

encephalitis - BBB barrier, cortex infx

26
Q 
causes of meningitis
0-4 weeks
4-12 weeks
3 months - 18 yo
18-50 yo
>50, immunocompromised
A 
E. coli, Listeria, GBS
E. coli, GBS, S. pneumo, Hib, N. mening
Hib, S. pneumo, N. mening
Hib, S. pneumo, N. mening
S. pneumo, N. mening, Listeria, Gr- aerobic bacilli

NMSK B (11 decks)

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