Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Micro 251 > Micro 251 Exam 3 > Flashcards

Micro 251 Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

innate immunity

A

present at birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

adaptive immunity

A

must be acquired

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

pathogen-associated patterns (PAMPS)

A

molecules shared by microorganisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)

A

receptors on WBCs for PAMPs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

T-lymphocyte and B-lymphocyte/ Plasma Cells are examples of

A

adaptive immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

granulocytes

A

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

agranulocytes

A

monocyte, macrophages, dendritic cells, lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

primary lymphatic organs

A

red bone marrow and thymus gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

secondary lymphatic organs

A

lymph nodes and spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

cytokines

A

alert the immune system to distinguish the type of infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

chemokines

A

chemical signal that will induce chemotaxis or trafficking of immune cells to the site of infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

diapedesis

A

migration of cells out of blood vessels into the tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

chemotaxis

A

migration in response to chemokines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which immune cells were phagocytic?

A

monocyte, macrophages, dendritic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

interferon alpha

A

lymphocytes and macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

interferon beta

A

fibroblasts and epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

interferon gamma

A

T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

classical pathway

A

antigen-antibody immune complexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

lectin pathway

A

PAMP recognition by lectins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

alternative pathway

A

spontaneous hydrolysis or pathogenic surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

interferon

A

produced in response to viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

spore formers gram-positive bacilli

A

bacillus and clostridium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

non-spore-formers gram-positive bacilli (regular shape)

A

listeria and erysipelothrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

non-spore-formers gram-positive bacilli (irregular shape/ non-acid-fast)

A

corynebacterium and propionibacterium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

non-spore-formers gram-positive bacilli (irregular shape/acid-fast)

A

mycobacterium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

non-spore-formers gram-positive bacilli (irregular shape/ filamentous branching cells)

A

actinomyces and nocardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Bacillus anthracis causes what?

A

anthrax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Clostridium perfringes causes what?

A

food posoining and gas gangrene

29
Q

Clostridium tetani causes what?

A

tetanus

30
Q

botulism

A

intoxication associated with inadequate food preservation

31
Q

Listeria monocytogenes causes what?

A

Listeria

32
Q

Mycobacterium leprae causes what?

A

leprosy

33
Q

What are the two forms of leprosy?

A
  1. tuberculoid
  2. lepromatous
34
Q

tuberculoid

A

shallow lesions

35
Q

lepromatous

A

severe disfigurement in the face and extremities

36
Q

MCH class I

A

regulates immune reactions

37
Q

MCH class II

A

regulatory receptors found on macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells

38
Q

B-cell receptors

A

bind free antigens

39
Q

T-cell receptors

A

bind processed antigens

40
Q

immunoglobulins

A
  • are large glycoproteins that serve as specific receptors of B cells
  • composed of 4 polypeptide chains (2 identical heavy chains and 2 identical light chains)
41
Q

When B cell receptor is secreted it is called an?

A

antibody

42
Q

memory CD4 T cell

A

I remember pathogens activate cells if they return

43
Q

helper CD4 T cell

A

I help other cells become active

44
Q

regulatory CD4 T cell

A

I keep other cells from overreacting

45
Q

T helper 17 T cell

A

I recruit neutrophils and kill helminthes

46
Q

Cytotoxic/killer T cells

A

perforins- punch holes in target cells
granzymes- cause cell to undergo apoptosis

47
Q

epitope

A

small molecular group that is recognized by lymphocytes

48
Q

haptens

A

small foreign molecules that consist only of a determinant group

49
Q

Haptens are not antigenic unless?

A

attached to a larger carrier

50
Q

superantigens

A

potent T cell stimulators

51
Q

autoantigens

A

molecules on self-tissues for which tolerance is inadequate

52
Q

Plasma cells secrete?

A

antibodies

53
Q

opsonization

A

process of coating microorganisms with specific antibodies

54
Q

complement fixation

A

activation of the classical complement pathway can result in the specific rupturing of cells and some viruses

55
Q

Covering of a virus particle includes?

A

-covering- capsid and envelope (not found in all viruses)

-central core- DNA or RNA and matrix protein enzymes (not found in all viruses)

56
Q

Naked

A

viruses lacking an envelope

57
Q

Spikes

A

are essential for attachment of the virus to the host cell

58
Q

poxviruses

A

lack a typical capsid and are covered by a dense layer of lipoproteins

59
Q

bacteriophages

A

have a polyhedral nucleocapsid, helical tail, and attachment fibers

60
Q

Uncoating happens in?

A

animal viruses only

61
Q

cytopathic effects

A

virus-induced damage to cells

62
Q

prions

A

misfolded proteins contains no nucleic acid

63
Q

1st line of defense

A

ex. physical, chemical, and genetic barriers

64
Q

2nd line of defense

A

ex. phagocytosis, inflammation, fever, interferon

65
Q

3rd line of defense

A

T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, antibodies

66
Q

Ways to diagnose Mycobacterium TB

A

Mantoux test, vivo testing, tuberculin testing, x-rays, direct identification of acid-fast bacilli in the specimen, cultural isolation, and biochemical testing

67
Q

3 general groups of Gram-positive bacilli

A
  1. endospore formers
  2. non-endospore-formers
  3. irregular shaped and staining properties
68
Q

viruses

A
  • small noncellular particles with a definite size, shape, and chemical composition

-obligate intracellular parasites

-considered the most abundant microbes on earth

69
Q

unlike living things, viruses

A
  • are not organized cells
    -do not reproduce on their own
    -lack homeostasis and regulation, growth/development, and energy processing

Micro 251 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions