Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

REPRO EXAM 2 > MICRO > Flashcards

MICRO Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: garnderella vaginalis will elicit a whiff test with 10% KOH

A

False, pure G. vaginalis will not; a sample of bacterial vaginosis will though

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What agar can you grow Candida on?

A

Sauboraud dextrose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe the appearance of Trichomonas vaginalis

A

4 flagella at the top of the head with one intracellular flagellum giving it a ruffled appearace (or just 4 flagella with ruffled appearance)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What will you see on microscopy with: A) BV B) Candida and C) Trichomonas

A

A) clue cells B) hyphae and pseudohyphae and C) MOTILE trichomonads (4 flagella, ruffled body d/t intracellular flagellum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What mutation may occur in a person to confer immunity to HIV? What mutation may occur in the virus to lead to a long term survivor?

A

CCR5 (homozygous = best); nef mutation, since nef is needed to be infectious; NOTE the person is not immune to HIV they can still get superinfection and die. However, the particular strain of HIV they are infected with happens to be noninfectious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the best Tx for chlamydia?

A

Azithromycin and (for the likely Gonorrhea coinfection) ceftriaxone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why culture Gonorrhea on Thayer-Martin agar when you can do NAAT?

A

To test for antibiotic resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the treatment for gonococcus?

A

Ceftriaxone and (for Chlamydial coinfection) Azithromycin or Doxycycline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do you add to a vaginal sample to elicit a whiff test?

A

10% KOH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Perianal ulcers from chlamydia would be most likely from which serovars?

A

L (not D-K)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What type of virus is HPV?

A

naked (hearty) dsDNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Tx of A) BV B) Yeast and C) Trichomonas

A

A) Metronidazole B) Fluconazole and C) Metronidazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

2 bugs suggested by a dysuria/pyuria presentation that has low bacterial count

A

staphylococcus saprophyticus and Chlamydia trachomatis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

This is the HIV fusion protein

A

Gp41

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Reservoir for HSV

A

MAN (lol)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which bacteria is predominately responsible for the low pH of the vagina?

A

lactobacillus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Buzzword for clinical S/S of trichomonas

A

Strawberry cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Host for Trichomonas

A

HUMANS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which aspect of N. gonorrhea is responsible for fallopian tube damage?

A

LOS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why aren’t there many AE with acyclovir?

A

It only kills/works in cells that are expressing VIRAL thymidine kinase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is one important way in which (a nuance, really) of the treatments for BV and Trichomonas differ?

A

No need to treat the partner for BV but need to for trichomonas because often asymptomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the cause of most head and neck cancers?

A

Smoking but HPV causes a good amount

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Most common cause of bacterial vaginosis

A

Garnderella vaginalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How is HPV spread?

A

direct contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What will you find when you check liver enzyme tests for Fitz-Hugh-Curtis?

A

NORMAL FINDINGS (apparently gonorrhea has some abnormalities but chlamydia wont)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the difference in the reasons that you use 10% KOH to Dx candida vs. BV/Trich?

A

BV and trich will elicit a whiff test; candida it will kill off the normal flora and only show the hyphae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which bug causes Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome?

A

BOTH gonorrhea and the clap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How is HPV spread? How is herpes spread?

A

DIRECT CONTACT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which bug that causes PID is most likely to cause a fever?

A

Gonococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does latency really mean, molecularly?

A

In a latent period of infection, viruses are “living” inside infected cells but there is NO DNA replication and there is NO protein expression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How is Gardasil dosed?

A

1st dose, then 2 months, then at 6 mos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the relationship of estrogen and glycogen?

A

The higher the the estrogen, the higher the glycogen; so as one ages, there will be less glycogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the epithelial cell receptor for gonorrhea?

A

CD66

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

This is the HIV attachment protein

A

Gp120

28
Q

What are the oncogenic proteins of HPV?

A

E6 binds to p53, and E7 binds to Rb

30
Q

Where does HSV-1 go latent?

A

Trigeminal ganglion

30
Q

What is unique about the strain of gonococcus responsible for Diseminated gonoccocal infection?

A

it contains low molecular weight protein A1 and it grows on Auxotype AHU agar

31
Q

2 reasons that antibodies in AIDS patients are usually IgM?

A

1) the virus undergoes a lot of antigenic drift so that new antibodies (i.e. IgM) need to be produced; 2) the lack of functioning T cells leads to the inability to class-switch when they have AIDS (i.e. later in the course) and so they have a functional Hyper-IgM syndrome

31
Q

T/F: BV results in many PMN’s

A

false it is not a true infection

32
Q

What are the top 3 (in that order) causes of vaginitis?

A

1) BV 2) Candida (monilial) and 3) Trichomonas vaginalis

33
Q

What is the main reservoir for HIV (in the body)? What is the early reservoir?

A

CD4 T cells; MO

34
Q

Aside from Herpes, what other major virus family leads to syncytia or giant cells?

A

paramyxovirus

36
Q

Gp120 attaches to this co-receptor on macrophages

A

CCR5

37
Q

Which bug mostly has a watery discharge?

A

da clap

38
Q

What is the CD4:CD8 ratio in a healthy adult?

A

2:01

38
Q

T/F: you can kill Gardnerella vaginalis with metronidazole

A

False, you can treat bacterial vaginosis with it but it does not actually kill pure G. vaginalis

39
Q

Odor in candida vaginitis

A

NONE just looks like a nightmare

40
Q

pH in monilial vaginitis

A

NORMAL (diff from trich and BV)

41
Q

What bug uses Opa proteins to enter cells? What receptor is it binding to?

A

Gonorreah; CD66

43
Q

This genital infection is Tzank positive?

A

Herpes

45
Q

What happens to people with heterozygous CCR5 mutations? Homozygous?

A

If heterozygous it is a slower course to AIDS with an HIV infection, if homozygous it is IMMUNITY; this is because of the difficulty for HIV to enter the MO

46
Q

T/F: herpes can only be spread from a vesicle

A

false, herpes can be spread when it is latent/ no clinical s/s

48
Q

Where does HSV-2 go latent?

A

Sacral ganglia

50
Q

Why do they call ‘em cold sores?

A

HSV 1 and 2 both tend to reactivate when the immune system is depressed, i.e. during a cold with zee rhinovirus (attach at ICAM-1, if you remember)

50
Q

T/F: HIV is a haploid virus

A

ACTUALLLYYYY, no. It has 2 copies of ssRNA

52
Q

What does lactobacillus use to create lactic acid (don’t say pyruvic acid)

A

GLYCOGEN

53
Q

Describe the normal discharge of the vagina

A

clear to white, odorless and high viscosity

54
Q

Tx of herpes

A

acycovir or prodrug valacyclovir = better oral admin

55
Q

Umbilicated lesions are essentially pathognomonic for ___________

A

Poxviruses (MCV-1 and MCV-1, and smallpox but we don?t care about that)

56
Q

Screening and diagnostic tests for AIDS

A

Screen: ELISA; Diagnostic = Western blot

57
Q

What is the Chandelier response in PID?

A

When you palpate the cervix and they shoot their arms up as if to grab a chandelier because apparently that?s what you grab when you are in pain

58
Q

How is the structure of herpes virus different from HPV?

A

HPV = dsDNA and NAKED; Herpes = dsDNA and enveloped

59
Q

What is the Tx of molluscum?

A

curettage and liquid nitrogen

59
Q

What is the laboratory diagnosis of Chlamydia?

A

Nucleic Acid Amplification Test

61
Q

Tx of Candidal vaginitis

A

FLUCONAZOLE

62
Q

What is the neonatal ophthalmic ointment for Chlamydia infections?

A

Erytrhomycin droplets

63
Q

What is the structure of the poxviruses?

A

DS DNA genome

65
Q

What are the obstetric complications of BV?

A

preterm labor and therefore, low birthweight infants

67
Q

What antigen is detected earliest in HIV infections?

A

P24 , antibodies are made very early to it, it is the capsid protein

68
Q

Gp120 attaches to this co-receptor on CD4 T-cells

A

CXCR4

69
Q

What will you see when you gram stain for chlamydia?

A

nothing, just PMNs

71
Q

What is a major clinical characteristic of herpes viruses?

A

LATENCY

72
Q

Microscopy for bacterial vaginosis =

A

clue cells

73
Q

T/F: both HPV and herpes remain in the host for the entirety of his/her life

A

false, herpes stays for life and HPV will eventually (usually) be taken care of by host CMI

74
Q

What are 5 risk factors for BV?

A

Recent antibiotics, bubble baths, decreased estrogen production, and douching

75
Q

What 2 bugs have a postive whiff test?

A

Bacterial vaginosis (multiple) and Trichomonas vaginalis (protist)

76
Q

How do you treat BV?

A

Metronidazole

77
Q

What herpes viruses go latent in WBC’s?

A

EBV (via CD21) and CMV

78
Q

Why would a newborn have laryngeal HPV?

A

aspirated from delivery

79
Q

Which HPV types are associated with warts? With cancer?

A

6 and 11; 16 and 18

81
Q

What is the pH of both BV and trichomonas infections?

A

greater than 4.5

82
Q

Why are young females more susceptible to gonococcal infections than older females?

A

they have more stratified columnar epithelial cells which is the cell that gonorrhea infects

83
Q

Characteristic cell from HPV on pap smear?

A

Koilocyte

REPRO EXAM 2 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions