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My Micro By Ben K > Micro(: > Flashcards

Micro(: Flashcards

1
Q

Define a bacteria

A

Bacteria are large group of unicellular organisms that scientists groups as either gram negative or gram positive

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2
Q

Define Archea

A

Are another group of unicellular organisms that evolved with bacteria. Many Archea live in extreme temperature environments.

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3
Q

Eukaryotic microorganisms

A

Are a structurally diverse group, that includes protists algae and fungi. They all have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles.

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4
Q

Viruses

A

Are smaller than bacteria and are not technically alive on their own. They must infect a host cell to survive. Viruses are made up of some genetic material surrounded by a viral coat.

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5
Q

Prokaryotic organisms

A

These are organisms that lack a nucleus

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6
Q

Define morphology

A

The study of the shape of cells, it is analyzed using stains and microscopy

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7
Q

What is metabolism

A

How an organism gets energy from its environment and the waste it produces.

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8
Q

Growth what is it?

A

How an organism grows, the growth of a microorganism is used to see how quickly the population can divide.

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9
Q

Define genotype

A

What is the genetic make up of a microbial strain, genes are studied using genetics, which has recently begun to involve a lot of molecular biology

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10
Q

Phenotype

A

The name of the observable traits of a microbe, this is used to describe a microorganism and to study the function of genes.

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11
Q

Phylogeny

A

The history of evolution, of microorganisms

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12
Q

What is Mycology

A

The study of Fungi

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13
Q

What is phycology

A

The study of algae.

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14
Q

What was the germ theory

A

This was the idea that invisible microorganisms are the cause of disease.

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15
Q

How are microorganisms named?

A

By using the Linnaeus system, this system uses two part Latin names for all living things,

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16
Q

What is molecular biology

A

Molecular biology is the study of nucleic acids DNA, RNA

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17
Q

What is Human micro biome research?

A

This is research into the microbes of the Human body and all their genes.

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18
Q

What is Microbial Ecology.

A

This is the engineering of microorganisms to produce a foreign gene or pathway so that it may either make a product for human use, or preform a function that we need ( degradation of environmental contaminants).

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19
Q

What Is Mycology

A

The study of fungi,

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20
Q

give the definition of a species.

A

This is a microbial Population of cells that are genetically similar to each other.

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21
Q

What does stratified Mean?

A

Something arranged In layers.

22
Q

What does PH Stand for?

A

The salinity and or Acidity.

23
Q

Where can Microbial Life be found?.

A
  • Depths of the oceans
  • The Highest Clouds
  • In extremely high temperatures
  • Near Hydrothermal vents
  • extremely low temperatures.
24
Q

True or false?

Microbes can be found at extreme levels of ( PH), salt, and dryness.

A

True.

25
Q

What is a Biomass?

A

Areas that have a large number of bacterial cells.

26
Q

Name the Major Groups of Microorganisms

A

Bacteria, algae, Protozoa, helmiths

27
Q

What is agricultural Microbiology>.

A

This is study is concerned with the relationships between microbes and crops, with an emphasis on improving yields and combating plant based diseases.

28
Q

Biotechnology.

A

Is any process that uses the metabolism of living things to arrive at a desired product.

29
Q

what is Epidemiology,

A

Epidemiology, aims to monitor and control the spread of diseases.

30
Q

Immunology

A

Includes the study of complex web of immune responses to infection by microorganisms.

31
Q

What is the definition of Eukaryotic

A

These are organisms that have a true nucleus.

32
Q

Facultative anaerobes?

A

These are organisms that can survive with or without oxygen.

33
Q

Define Photosynthesis

A

This is the light fueled conversion of carbon dioxide to organic material, Accompanied by the formation of oxygen,

34
Q

What is decomposition

A

This involves the breakdown of dead matter and wastes into simpler compounds that can be directed back in the natural cycles of living things

35
Q

Define Bioremediation

A

This process involves the introduction of microbes into the environment to restore the stability or to clean up toxic pollutants.

36
Q

What does SARS stand for?

A

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome.

37
Q

True or False?

Prokaryotic cells are about 10 times smaller than eukaryotic cells?.

A

True

38
Q

What are organelles?

A

Organelles are small double membrane and bound structures in the eukaryotic cell that preform specific functions.

39
Q

what are the three energy sources in nature

A

Organic Chemicals
Inorganic chemicals
Chemooganotrophy
Cehmolithotrophy

40
Q

What is oxygen is Photosynthesis

A

Generating oxygen and is used by the Cyanobacteria as well as all living plants

41
Q

Anoxygenic photosynthesis

A

Does not make oxygen and is used by the purple and green bacteria.

42
Q

What element is apart of all proteins , nuclei acids and cellular structures?

A

Carbon.

43
Q

What are Heterotrophs

A

These are organisms that use Organic carbon

44
Q

what are Autotrophs

A

These are organisms that use carbon dioxide for their carbon needs

45
Q

Which organisms can switch from being a heterotroph and autotroph?

A

Mixotrophs

46
Q

Define secondary products

A

This is microbial products that are not produced as part of central metabolism and are not essential for everyday activities.

47
Q

what are Benign Organisms

A

These are organisms that live in or on us and are neither harmful nor recognized by our bodies.

48
Q

Friendly Organisms

A

These are organisms that live in or on us and are not harmful, our bodies recognize that the organisms are present and also recognize that bacteria are not harmful so our bodies don’t react to them.

49
Q

Mutually Beneficial

A

Organisms that live in or on us and provide us with a benefit, these are the life making vitamins that we can’t make ourselves.

50
Q

Antagonistic organisms

A

These are organisms that cause us harm as in the case of viruses where our cells are taken over to produce more virus and are eventually killed.

My Micro By Ben K (1 decks)

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