Micro(: Flashcards
Define a bacteria
Bacteria are large group of unicellular organisms that scientists groups as either gram negative or gram positive
Define Archea
Are another group of unicellular organisms that evolved with bacteria. Many Archea live in extreme temperature environments.
Eukaryotic microorganisms
Are a structurally diverse group, that includes protists algae and fungi. They all have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles.
Viruses
Are smaller than bacteria and are not technically alive on their own. They must infect a host cell to survive. Viruses are made up of some genetic material surrounded by a viral coat.
Prokaryotic organisms
These are organisms that lack a nucleus
Define morphology
The study of the shape of cells, it is analyzed using stains and microscopy
What is metabolism
How an organism gets energy from its environment and the waste it produces.
Growth what is it?
How an organism grows, the growth of a microorganism is used to see how quickly the population can divide.
Define genotype
What is the genetic make up of a microbial strain, genes are studied using genetics, which has recently begun to involve a lot of molecular biology
Phenotype
The name of the observable traits of a microbe, this is used to describe a microorganism and to study the function of genes.
Phylogeny
The history of evolution, of microorganisms
What is Mycology
The study of Fungi
What is phycology
The study of algae.
What was the germ theory
This was the idea that invisible microorganisms are the cause of disease.
How are microorganisms named?
By using the Linnaeus system, this system uses two part Latin names for all living things,
What is molecular biology
Molecular biology is the study of nucleic acids DNA, RNA
What is Human micro biome research?
This is research into the microbes of the Human body and all their genes.
What is Microbial Ecology.
This is the engineering of microorganisms to produce a foreign gene or pathway so that it may either make a product for human use, or preform a function that we need ( degradation of environmental contaminants).
What Is Mycology
The study of fungi,
give the definition of a species.
This is a microbial Population of cells that are genetically similar to each other.
What does stratified Mean?
Something arranged In layers.
What does PH Stand for?
The salinity and or Acidity.
Where can Microbial Life be found?.
- Depths of the oceans
- The Highest Clouds
- In extremely high temperatures
- Near Hydrothermal vents
- extremely low temperatures.
True or false?
Microbes can be found at extreme levels of ( PH), salt, and dryness.
True.
What is a Biomass?
Areas that have a large number of bacterial cells.
Name the Major Groups of Microorganisms
Bacteria, algae, Protozoa, helmiths
What is agricultural Microbiology>.
This is study is concerned with the relationships between microbes and crops, with an emphasis on improving yields and combating plant based diseases.
Biotechnology.
Is any process that uses the metabolism of living things to arrive at a desired product.
what is Epidemiology,
Epidemiology, aims to monitor and control the spread of diseases.
Immunology
Includes the study of complex web of immune responses to infection by microorganisms.
What is the definition of Eukaryotic
These are organisms that have a true nucleus.
Facultative anaerobes?
These are organisms that can survive with or without oxygen.
Define Photosynthesis
This is the light fueled conversion of carbon dioxide to organic material, Accompanied by the formation of oxygen,
What is decomposition
This involves the breakdown of dead matter and wastes into simpler compounds that can be directed back in the natural cycles of living things
Define Bioremediation
This process involves the introduction of microbes into the environment to restore the stability or to clean up toxic pollutants.
What does SARS stand for?
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome.
True or False?
Prokaryotic cells are about 10 times smaller than eukaryotic cells?.
True
What are organelles?
Organelles are small double membrane and bound structures in the eukaryotic cell that preform specific functions.
what are the three energy sources in nature
Organic Chemicals
Inorganic chemicals
Chemooganotrophy
Cehmolithotrophy
What is oxygen is Photosynthesis
Generating oxygen and is used by the Cyanobacteria as well as all living plants
Anoxygenic photosynthesis
Does not make oxygen and is used by the purple and green bacteria.
What element is apart of all proteins , nuclei acids and cellular structures?
Carbon.
What are Heterotrophs
These are organisms that use Organic carbon
what are Autotrophs
These are organisms that use carbon dioxide for their carbon needs
Which organisms can switch from being a heterotroph and autotroph?
Mixotrophs
Define secondary products
This is microbial products that are not produced as part of central metabolism and are not essential for everyday activities.
what are Benign Organisms
These are organisms that live in or on us and are neither harmful nor recognized by our bodies.
Friendly Organisms
These are organisms that live in or on us and are not harmful, our bodies recognize that the organisms are present and also recognize that bacteria are not harmful so our bodies don’t react to them.
Mutually Beneficial
Organisms that live in or on us and provide us with a benefit, these are the life making vitamins that we can’t make ourselves.
Antagonistic organisms
These are organisms that cause us harm as in the case of viruses where our cells are taken over to produce more virus and are eventually killed.
