Michigan Manual of Plastic Surgery

Question 1

Where are the four most abundant types of cartilage found?

Answer 1

I: Skin, tendon, mature scar
II: Cartilage and cornea
III: Blood vessels and immature scar
IV: Basement membrane

Question 2

What is the ratio of type I:IV cartilage in skin, tendon, and immature scar?

Answer 2

4:1

Question 3

Layers of the epidermis

Answer 3

Corneum 
Lucidum
Granulosum
Spinosum
Basale

Question 4

What is the origin of melanocytes?

Answer 4

Neural crest

Question 5

What layer of the epidermis contains melanocytes

Answer 5

Stratum basale

Question 6

Which layer of skin is an acellular layer of keratin

Answer 6

Statum corneum

Question 7

What layer of the epidermis contains cytoplasmic granules which contribute to keratin formation?

Answer 7

Statum granulosum

Question 8

What are the two layers of the dermis?

Answer 8

Papillary: loose and vascular
Reticular: dense, more vascular

Question 9

What is the source of reepithelialization in patial-thickness wounds?

Answer 9

Adnexa: hair follicles, eccrine sweat glands, apocrine sweat glands
**all ectodermal origin

Question 10

What is not present in STSG and can lead to dryness?

Answer 10

Eccrine glands

Question 11

Which sweat glands are found in axillary and inguinal regions and secrete into hair follicles?

Answer 11

Apocrine sweat glands

Question 12

What is the outer covering of a nerve?

Answer 12

Epineurium

Question 13

With immediate primary closure of a wound, how long until epithelialization occurs?

Answer 13

24 hours

Question 14

What is healing by secondary intention?

Answer 14

Full thickness wound healing by wound contraction and migration of fibroblasts and keratinocytes from the periphery

Question 15

What are the phases of wound healing?

Answer 15

Inflammatory
Proliferative
Remodeling (maturation)

Question 16

What occurs during the inflammatory phase of wound healing?

Answer 16

Vasoconstriction (for the first 10 minutes)
Coagulation (platelets arrive, release of thromboxane A2, PDGF, TGFB)
Vasodilation and increased permeability (in response to prostaglandins, WBC migration)
Cellular response

Question 17

What is the prominent cell type in wound healing from days 3-5

Answer 17

Fibroblasts

Question 18

In what situation does contraction occur?

Answer 18

when full thickness injury through the dermis is present, fibroblasts transform into myofibroblasts

Question 19

What are the three phases of muscle healing?

Answer 19

Destructive phase: 0-7 days
Repair phase: 3 day - weeks
Remodeling phase: concomitant with repair