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GI II > MichaelsMucosal Immunity > Flashcards

MichaelsMucosal Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

What are the defenses involved in innate immunity

A

mucins, epithelial cells, defensins

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2
Q

What are the actions of adaptive immunity

A

antigen presentation, humoral, T cells

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3
Q

Describe the lamina propria in the GI system

A

size depends on antigenic environment

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4
Q

Describe antigen presenting cells in GI system

A

chief APCs are dendritic

Macrophages abundant

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5
Q

Describe role of mast cells in the GI system

A

contribute to local host defense by producing important mediators of inflammation
Induce chemoattraction of inflammatory cells to mucosal tissues

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6
Q

What is the function of Goblet cells in GI track

A

mucus secreting- acts as a barrier function and antibacterial

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7
Q

What is the function of epithelial cells in innate immunity in the GI

A

barrier and antibacterial. release chemokines and cytokines

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8
Q

What is the role of paneth cells in the GI track for innate immunity

A

antibacterial secreting cells

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9
Q

What is the role of M cells in innate immunity of GI

A

antigen sampling

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10
Q

What are GI mucins made of

A

O0linked oligosaccharides

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11
Q

What structures are found on the GI mucins

A

glycocalyx

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12
Q

Why is there regulated expression of TLRs and Nod like R in the GI

A

so it is biased toward anti-inflammatory responseā€“>limits inflammation in GI

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13
Q

What are defensins

A

small cationic peptides that contain three intra chain disulfide bonds

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14
Q

Where are alpha defensins produced

A

small bowl by paneth cells and neutrophils

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15
Q

Where are beta defensins produced

A

colon by absorptive epithelial cells

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16
Q

What are involved in adaptive immunity of GI

A

humoral immunity and IgA
Th17 dominant cell-mediated immunity
Suppression of cell-mediated immunity

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17
Q

What is the lymph specialization in GI

A

peyers patches

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18
Q

What is the role of M cells in general

A

pinocytose and transport to express MHC class II, not APCs

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19
Q

What areas do M cells transport material to

A

follicular dome and interfollicular

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20
Q

What are the 4 ways of Ag capture in mononuclear cells

A

nonspecific transport, FcRn-dependent transport, Apoptosis-dependent transfer, Ag capture

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21
Q

What is the role of mucins

A

sequester bacteria to prevent transfer across barrier

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22
Q

Where are paneth cells found

A

in the crypts of epithelium

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23
Q

Where are peyers patches located

A

directly under epithelium, have T B cells and APCs

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24
Q

Where are dendritic cells in GI

A

stretch branches into lumen and also can travel via lymph channels

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25
Q

Where does Antigen presentation take place in GI

A

mesenteric lymph node

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26
Q

What do plasma cells make in GI

A

IgA

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27
Q

How do NLRs and TLRs locate bad material

A

pattern recognition

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28
Q

Where are NLRs ad TLRs

A

lamina propria -TLRs

epithelial cells- NLRs

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29
Q

What is the first step to initiate immune response in GI

A

peyers patches Ag presentation

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30
Q

How do antigens get to the peyers patches

A

M cells

31
Q

How can you differentiate M cell from epithelial cell

A

do not have cilia

32
Q

What does the dendritic cell activate

A

T cells

33
Q

What do the GI dendritic cells express

A

IL6 and TGFbeta

34
Q

What do the T cells in GI produce

A

IL 17 and IFN gamma

35
Q

What is the name for the cells that help dampen inflammation in GI

A

T reg cells called FoxP3

36
Q

People who lack Foxp3 have what problem

A

chronic gut inflammation

37
Q

What type of Dendritic Cells are CD103

A

the regulatory DC

38
Q

what is the role of alpha 4 beta 7 and CCR9 on T or B cell

A

homing so that the cell can get back to lumen, bind MadCAM and CCL25

39
Q

Chemokine R CCR9 is in SI or colon

A

SI

40
Q

CCR10 is found where and binds what

A

colon and binds CCL28

41
Q

what promotes expression of alpha4beta7 and CCR9

A

retinoic acid

42
Q

What is the function of IgA

A

protective, neutralizes biologically active Ag
prevents uptake of Ag by GI tract
inhibits bacterial adherence
enhances innate immune factors

43
Q

What form is serum IgA

A

very low levels. found monomeric

44
Q

What is important about IgA that makes it anti-inflammatory

A

does not bind to Cā€™

prevents colonization without inflammation

45
Q

How do B cells switch to IgA

A

presentation from Activated T cell in presence of NO and TGFbeta which is secreted by DC

46
Q

Describe T cell independent class switch

A

through TLR cause DC to release APRIL, TGF beta and BAFF which cause B cell to class switch to IgA

47
Q

Describe transport of IgA

A

unidirectional

48
Q

Describe components of cell-mediated immunity

A

intraepithelial cells are mostly CD8 Tcells
gammadelta T cells
intraepithelial cells have limited T cell repertoire

49
Q

Lamina propria cells are what type T cells

A

CD4+ T cells

50
Q

What are the CD4 subsets

A

Th17

Th2

51
Q

What is the role of Th17 cells

A

colonization and protection of gut

release IL-17 and IL-22

52
Q

What is the role of Th2 cells

A

Th2 cells protect against helminthic infections

53
Q

What are the characteristic cytokines of Th2

A

IL4 and IL13

54
Q

overactive Th17 is seen in what disease, or thought to be

A

crohns

55
Q

Which area has the highest percentage of Fox P3 T regs

A

lamina propria

56
Q

What molecules are key in the devlopment of Tregs

A

CD103 DC, retinoic acid, TGFbeta

57
Q

What are the characteristic cytokines with the FoxP3 T regs

A

TGFbeta, IL10 and IL2

58
Q

What is inflammatory bowel disease

A

Crohns, affects entire thickness of bowel wall and sometimes terminal ileum
Ulcerative colitis- colonic mucosa

59
Q

What is celiac disease

A

gluten sensitivity
activation of Th2 cells, B cells and Tregs
inflammation

60
Q

What else can cause immune response by gut

A

food allergy and tumor develoment from prolonged immune responses

61
Q

What can cause dysregulation of innate immune response in inflammatory bowel disease

A

defective defensin expression, inadequate feedback regulation

62
Q

What can cause abnomral cell mediated immunity in IBD

A

overactive Th17 and granulomatous inflammation by IFNgamma producing Th1 cells

63
Q

What can cause defective regulatory T cell function in IBD

A

FoxP3 and IL2 or IL2R deficiencies resulting in IBD

64
Q

What is the 4th abnormality in IBC

A

defective autophagy

65
Q

What Ab are key in celiac disease

A

anti endomysium IgA, anti tissue transglutaminase IgA, anti gliadin IgA and anti-gliadin IgG

66
Q

What is celiac disease mediated by

A

T cells

67
Q

What other autoimmune disease is celiac assoc with

A

type I DM and thyroid autoimmune

68
Q

what are clincial symptoms of celiacs

A

abdominal pain, diarrhea, growth failure, anemia, osteoporosis or even asymptomatic

69
Q

What Ig mediates food allergies

A

IgE type I Hypersensitivity

70
Q

what are types of food allergies

A

milke eggs etc. can be outgrown because mucosal barrier not complete till 4 yrs old

71
Q

What can cause innappropriate digestion

A

longer peptides, immunogenic, diet, drugs, toxins

72
Q

why do we think food allergies exist

A

hygiene hypothesis

73
Q

symptoms of food allergies

A

gas, bloating, dirrhea, constipation, urticaria, mimic many other GI disorders, rhinoconjuctivitis, oral allergies and sensitivities (migraines)

74
Q

Tx for food allergys

A

no cures, diets, and avoid certain food

GI II (12 decks)

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