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Computer Science > Mich 1 > Flashcards

Mich 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are some advantages to connecting computers in a network?

(4 advantages)

A
  • sharing of files/data
  • sharing of peripherals (e.g. printer)
  • improved communication (e.g. email, video conferencing)
  • centralised management of computers (e.g. installing software, monitoring)
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2
Q

What is the topology of a

Local Area Network?

A

bus, star, mesh

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3
Q

What is the topology of a

Wide Area Network?

A

partial mesh

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4
Q

What type of addressing does a

LAN use?

A

MAC addressing

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5
Q

What type of addressing does a

WAN use?

A

IP addressing

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6
Q

What hardware forwards packets in a

LAN?

A

switches

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7
Q

What hardware forwards packets in a

WAN?

A

routers

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8
Q

Why is IPv6 needed?

(instead of just IPv4)

A

It allows for many more addresses

(IPv4 only allows 2^32 addresses which is not enough)

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9
Q

What things are found in the

header of a network packet?

(6 things)

A
  • source/ sender IP address
  • destination IP address
  • packet/sequence number
  • checksum (for error checking)
  • packet/data size
  • protocol and version
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10
Q

Define

speed.

A

the data transmission rate achieved in bits per second

this is affected by the latency and the bandwidth

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11
Q

Define

range.

A

the maximum distance a signal can travel before becoming disrupted

(measured in metres)

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12
Q

Define

latency.

A

the time delay between the moment the data is transmitted and the moment that it is received

(measured in milliseconds - higher is worse)

this can be visualised as the speed limit on the road

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13
Q

Define

bandwidth.

A

the maximum amount of data that can be transmitted in one second

(measured in bits per second bps)

this can be visualised as the number of lanes on a motorway

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14
Q

How would you calculate

file size?

A

size (bits) = time (seconds) x bandwidth (bps)

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15
Q

What are the powers of bytes in ascending order?

A

Burger - byte (B)
King - kibibyte (KiB) or kilobyte (KB)
Made - mebibibyte (MiB) or megabyte (MB)
Great - gibibyte (GiB) or gigabyte (GB)
Toast - tebibyte (TiB) or terabyte (TiB)
Previously - pebibyte (PiB) or petabyte (PB

but - bit (b)
now? - nibble (N)

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16
Q

Define

protocol.

A

a set of rules that allows devices to communicate

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17
Q

Define

amplitude.

(relating to sound waves)

A

the extent to which air particles are displaced

this sound amplitude is experienced as the loudness of sound

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18
Q

Define

bit depth.

(as relating to sound representation)

A

the number of bits stored per sample

the higher the number of bits, the greater the quality of the sound, and the larger the file size

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19
Q

Define

sample interval.

A

the amount of time which passes between capturing each sample

20
Q

Define

sample rate.

A

the number of samples stored per second

the higher the number of samples per second, the higher the quality of the sound, and the larger the file size

21
Q

What does a larger amplitude mean for a sound wave?

A

louder sound

22
Q

What does a higher frequency mean for a sound wave?

A

higher pitch

23
Q

What does a microphone do?

A

converts the continuous changes in air pressure caused by sound waves into an electrical signal

since computers are digital devices, they can only handle sound if it is converted from a continuously changing signal into a sequence of binary values

24
Q

What does the process of analogue to digital conversion (ADC) involve?

A

a series of sound ‘snapshots’ are taken and represented as binary data
these are called samples and the process of taking them is called sampling

25
Q

What bit depth is used for CD recordings?

A

16

26
Q

How would you calculate a sound file size?

A

file size (bits) = sample rate x bit depth x duration (seconds)

27
Q

What is FLAC used for and what type of compression is it?

A

sound
lossless

28
Q

What is JPEG used for and what type of compression is it?

A

image
lossy

29
Q

What is MP3 used for and what type of compression is it?

A

sound
lossy

30
Q

What is WAV used for and what type of compression is it?

A

sound
uncompressed

31
Q

What is ZIP used for and what type of compression is it?

A

file archives
lossless

32
Q

What is png used for and what type of compression is it?

A

image
lossless

33
Q

What is MP4 used for and what type of compression is it?

A

video
lossy

34
Q

What is BMP used for and what type of compression is it?

A

image
uncompressed

35
Q

What does

HTTP stand for?

A

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

36
Q

What does

HTTPS stand for?

A

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure

37
Q

What does

FTP stand for?

A

File Transfer Protocol

38
Q

What does

SMTP stand for?

A

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

39
Q

What does

IMAP stand for?

A

Internet Mail Access Protocol

40
Q

What does

POP3 stand for?

A

Post Office Protocol

41
Q

What is HTTP used for?

A

requests and responses between web browser and web servers

42
Q

What is HTTPS used for?

A

encryption communication between browser and web server

43
Q

What is FTP used for?

A

sending and receiving files over the internet

44
Q

What SMTP is used for?

A

sending emails

45
Q

What is IMAP used for?

A

reading/receiving emails

leaves the email on the mail server (often used for web-based email)

46
Q

What POP3 is used for?

A

reading/receiving emails

deletes the email off the mail server

Computer Science (8 decks)

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