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Music Tech > Mic Technique > Flashcards

Mic Technique Flashcards

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1
Q

How does a dynamic Mic work?

A
  • lightweight diaphragm attached to small coil
  • coil suspended in magnetic field
  • vibrations in air cause movement in diaphragm and coil
  • produces small A.C current
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2
Q

What are the benefits of using dynamic mics?

A
  • simple construction
  • robust, cheap and reliable
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3
Q

What are dynamic mics used for?

A
  • loud instruments
  • hostile environments
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4
Q

How does a capacitor (condenser) mic work?

A
  • uses principle of capacitance
  • diaphragm is one plate of capacitor
  • capacitor holds charge
  • charge held = proportional to distance between plates
  • needs phantom power (48v)
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5
Q

What are the benefits of using a condenser mic?

A
  • ## lightweight diaphragm gives good HF response
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6
Q

What are condenser mics used for?

A
  • critical recording,
  • quiet delicate instruments
  • vocals
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7
Q

How does a Ribbon mic work?

A
  • same principles as dynamic
  • lightweight + delicate strip of corrugated aluminium
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8
Q

What are the 4 possible polar patterns?

A
  • Omnidirectional
  • Cardioid
  • Hypercardioid
  • Figure-of-Eight
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9
Q

What is an Omnidirectional polar pattern?

A

Equally sensitive from all directions.

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10
Q

What is a Cardioid polar pattern?

A

Front & Side sensitivity

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11
Q

What is a Hypercardioid polar pattern?

A

Similar to cardioid, less side sensitivity, some rear pickup

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12
Q

What is a Figure-of-Eight polar Pattern?

A

Front and rear but no side pickup, front and rear are 180 degrees out of phase

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13
Q

What polar pattern do you get when you combine omni & fig8?

A

Cardioid

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14
Q

What polar pattern do you get when you combine Omni + 0.5 x fig8?

A

Hyper Cardioid

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15
Q

What polar pattern do you get when you combine two cardioids?

A

Omni-directional

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16
Q

What polar pattern do you get when you combine cardioid - cardioid at 180 degrees?

A

figure-of-eight

17
Q

What polar pattern do you get when you combine cardioid & fig8 at 90 degrees?

A

cardioid 45 degrees to the left

18
Q

What polar pattern do you get when you combine cardioid - fig8 at 90 degrees?

A

cardioid 45 degrees to the right

19
Q

What is an X-Y Blumlein stereo setup?

A

Pair of crossed fig8, pair of cardioids at 90 degrees.

20
Q

What are the pros & cons of X-Y setup?

A

Pros:
- complete mono capability
Cons:
- No time of arrival info
- with fig8s, rear out of phase
- with cardioids there is spatial distortion at thirds in image

21
Q

What is an ORTF Stereo Setup?

A

Similar to X-Y, angled at 110 degrees, capsules 17cm apart.

22
Q

What are the Pros & Cons of ORTF setup?

A

Pros:
- good time of arrival info
- good for reproduction on headphone
Cons:
- Phase & Spatial issues
- possible hole in middle if too close

23
Q

What is a Binaural Stereo setup?

A

Dummy head with microphones replacing human ears

24
Q

What are pros & cons of Binaural setup?

A

Pros:
- Very accurate and realistic on headphones
- time of arrival info fully integral
Cons:
- Phase and spatial issues on speakers

25
Q

What is an A-B Stereo Setup?

A

Omni pair, parallel, spaced about 40-60cm apart

26
Q

What are the Pros & Cons of A-B Setup?

A

Pros:
- Good time of arrival info
- Maybe placed relatively close to the source
Cons:
- Limited mono compatibility
- spatial distortion and hole in middle, third mic often requires

27
Q

What is a Decca Tree Stereo Setup?

A

Development of A-B but with centre fill omni 1.5m away

28
Q

What is a Mid/Side Stereo Setup?

A

forward facing Cardioid or omni, side facing fig8, decoding and mixing required for stereo imaging

29
Q

What are the Pros & Cons of Mid/Side Setup?

A

Pros:
- Stereo width adjustable in post
- spatial info can be decoded for surround
- complete mono capability but…
Cons:
- … be careful of too much side signal in mix
- not too much time of arrival info

30
Q

What is the standard loudness level for music mastering?

A

-14 LUFS

31
Q

What is the standard loudness level for tv&radio?

A

-23 LUFS

32
Q

What is the standard True Peak max for mastering music?

A

-2dB TP

33
Q
A

Music Tech (1 decks)

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