MI: Zoonoses Flashcards
List some examples of new emerging infectious diseases that are zoonoses.
- Viral haemorrhagic fever
- Respiratory diseases (MERS)
- Novel influenza virus (pH1N1)
List three ways in which zoonoses are transmitted.
- Everyday contact with animals (scratches and bites from pets)
- By-products (faeces/urine) leading to contaminated soil
- Foodstuffs (undercooked meats, milk)
List examples of:
- Farm/Wild Animals
- Companian Animals
Farm/Wild Animals
- Cattle
- Poultry
- Goats
- Pigs
Companion Animals
- Cats and dogs
- Reptiles and amphibians
- Fish
Give examples of zoonoses in the UK that are transmitted by:
- Farm/wild animals
- Companion animals
Farm/wild animals:
- Campylobacter
- Salmonella
Companion animals:
- Toxoplasmosis
- Bartonella
- Ringworm
- Psittacosis
Give examples of zoonoses in tropical countries that are transmitted by:
- Farm/wild animals
- Companion animals
Farm/wild animals:
- Brucella
- Coxiella
- Rabies
- VHF
Companion animals:
- Rabies
- Tick-borne diseases
- Spirilum minus
For Campylobacter, describe the following:
- Reservoir
- Transmission
- Clinical presentation
- Investigations
- Management
- Reservoir = poultry, cattle
- Transmission = contaminated food
- Clinical presentation = bloating, diarrhoea, cramps
- Investigations = stool culture
- Management = supportive
For Salmonella, describe the following:
- Reservoir
- Transmission
- Clinical presentation
- Investigations
- Management
- Reservoir = poulrty, reptiles/amphibians
- Transmission = contaminated food, poor hygiene
- Clinical presentation = diarrhoea, vomiting, fever
- Investigations = stool culture
- Management = supportive, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin
For Bartonella henselae, describe the following:
- Reservoir
- Transmission
- Reservoir = Kittens > cats
- Transmission = Scratches, bites, licking of open wounds, fleas
Which two diseases are caused by Bartonella henselae?
- Cat scratch disease
- Baciliary angiomatosis
For Cat Scratch Disease, describe the following:
- Presentation
- Investigations
- Management
-
Presentation:
- Macule at site of inoculation
- Becomes pustular
- Regional adenopathy
- Systemic symptoms (FLAWS)
-
Investigations:
- Serology
-
Management:
- Erythromycin
- Doxycycline
For bacillary angiomatosis, describe the following:
- Presentation
- Investigations
- Management
-
Presentation
- Skin papules
- Disseminated multi-organ and vasculature involvement
- Leads to bursting of blood vessels in various organs and tissues
- Can be FATAL
-
Investigations
- Histopathology
- Serology
-
Management
- Erythromycin
- Doxycyclie
- Rifampicin
For Toxoplasmosis, describe the following:
- Reservoir
- Transmission
- Clinical presentation
- Investigations
- Management
-
Reservoir
- Cats
- Sheep
-
Transmission
- Infected meat
- Faecal contamination
-
Clinical presentation
- Fever
- Adenopathy
- Stillbirth
- Infants with progressive visual, hearing, motor and cognitive issues
- Seizures
- Neuropathy
-
Investigations
- Serology
-
Management
- Spiramycin
- Pyrimethamin + sulfadizine
For Brucellosis, describe the following:
- Reservoir
- Transmission
- Clinical presentation
- Investigations
- Management
-
Reservoir
- Cattle
- Goats
-
Transmission
- Unpasteurised milk
- Undercooked meat
- Aerosolisation
-
Clinical presentation
- Fever (and rest of FLAWS)
- Back pain
- Orchitis
- Focal abscess (psoas or liver)
-
Investigations
- Blood/pus culture
- Serology
- NOTE: the lab should be warned that you are sending suspected Brucella
-
Management
- Doxycycline + gentamicin or rifampicine
Which organism causes Q fever?
Coxiella burnetii
For Coxiella burnetii, describe the following:
- Reservoir
- Transmission
- Clinical presentation
- Investigations
- Management
Reservoir:
- Goats
- Sheep
- Cattle
Transmission:
- Aerolisation
- Waste
- Milk
Clinical presentation:
- Fever
- Flu-like illness
- Pneumonia
- Hepatitis
- Endocarditis
- Focal abscess (paravertebral, discitis)
Investigations
- Serology
Management
- Doxycycline
Which infectious agent causes Rabies?
Lyssa virus
For rabies, describe the following:
- Reservoir
- Transmission
- Clinical presentation
- Investigations
- Management
Reservoir:
- Dogs
- Cats
- Bats
Transmission:
- Bites
- Scratches
Clinical presentation:
- Seizures
- Excessive salivation
- Hydrophobia
- Agitation
- Confusion
- Fever
- Headache
- NOTE: 100% mortality
Investigations:
- Serology
- Brain biopsy
Management:
- Immnoglobulin
- Vaccine
Which two infectious agents can cause rat bite fever?
- Streptobacillus moniliformis*
- Spirilum minus*
For rate bite fever, describe the following:
- Reservoir
- Transmission
- Clinical presentation
- Investigations
- Management
Reservoir:
- Rates
Transmission:
- Bites
- Contact with infected urine or droppings
Clinical presentation:
- Fevers
- Polyarthralgia
- Maculopapular progressing to purpuric rash
- Can progress to endocarditis
Investigations:
- Joint fluid MC&S
- Blood culture
Management:
- Penicillins
For Hentavirus pulmonary syndrome, describe the following:
- Reservoir
- Transmission
- Clinical presentation
- Investigations
- Management
Reservoir:
- Mice and rats
- Examples: Sin Nomber virus, black canal virus, bayou virus
Transmission:
- Infected urine and droppings
- Aerosolisation
Clinical presentation:
- Fever
- Flu-like illness
- Myalgia
- Respiratory failure (USA)
Bleeding and renal failure (SE asia)
Investigations:
- Serology
- PCR
Management:
- Supportive
For viral haemorrhagic fever, describe the following:
- Reservoir
- Transmission
- Clinical presentation
- Investigations
- Management
Reservoir:
- Ebola - bats?
- Marburg - bats?
- Lassa - rats
- Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever - ticks
Transmission:
- Contacts with infected fluids
Clinical presentation:
- Fever
- Myalgia
- Flu-like illness
- BLEEDING
Investigations:
- Serology
- PCR
Management:
- Supportive
What important measure should be taken when a sample is sent for serology in a patient with a suspected zoonosis?
Save some serum for future tests