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Dentistry BDS1 Sem 2 > MI Preventive > Flashcards

MI Preventive Flashcards

1
Q

What is erosion?

A

It is the most common type of non-carious damage to the teeth and occurs when an acidic agent is presented to the oral environment which is not mediated by cariogenic bacteria.

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2
Q

What is attrition?

A

Physical damage caused by mechanical rubbing of one tooth surface onto another.

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3
Q

What is abrasion?

A

Rubbing a foreign agent onto the tooth surface.

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4
Q

What is hypoplasia?

A

Disturbance in matrix formation and is characterised by pitted, groove or thinned enamel

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5
Q

What is hypomirlisation?

A

Disturbance of calcification. Affected enamel appears white and opaque, but post-eruptive may become brown. Enamel is weak and prone to breakdown.

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6
Q

What are the two most common types of staining?

A

Extrinsic and intrinsic

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7
Q

How does extrinsic staining occur?

A

It occurs due to porosities in the enamel

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8
Q

How does intrinsic staining occur?

A

It occurs by non-vitality of the tooth, damage from eruption or tetracycline stains.

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9
Q

What are the four types of caries?

A

WSL, Cavitated, Root and Rampant

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10
Q

What is a WSL?

A

active caries - intact, loss of normal enamel translucency, white chalky appearance, fragile, border often indistinct.

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11
Q

What is cavitated caries?

A

Next stage of WSL when cavitation occurs

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12
Q

What is root caries?

A

caries that involves both enamel and the dentine in the root region

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13
Q

What is rampant caries?

A

occurs due to prologned exposure to simple carbs eg baby formula

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14
Q

What does the increased of intake of refined sugar and consumption of acidic drinks cause?

A

An increased in acidification of biofilm

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15
Q

What are the 5 way to identify caries?

A
  1. Visual (using mirror, air, explorer)
  2. Transillumination
  3. Radiographs
  4. Electronic caries detectors
  5. Chemical detection
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16
Q

What test can be used to identify caries?

A

Tri-plaque ID Gel

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17
Q

What do colours represent in the disclosion of tri-plaque ID Gel?

A

Red - new plaque
Dark blue - old plaque
Light blue - cariogenic plaque that is with pH below 4.5

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18
Q

What are the three mechanism of action of fluoride?

A
  1. Enhancing remin and inhibiting demin
  2. Anti-microbial at High concentrations (above 5000 ppm)
  3. Intra-oral fluoride reservoir
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19
Q

What are the advantages of using calcium based products?

A
  1. Increasing concentrations of Ca++
  2. Improves effectivness of fluoride
  3. Effective in xerostomic conditions
20
Q

What can potentially slow down the absorption of fluoride when ingested?

A

Milk - milk coagulation in stomach impedes diffusion of F and slows rate of absorption

21
Q

What dose of fluoride can cause fluorosis?

A

0.05-0.07 mg/kg body weight/day at the time of enamel calcification

22
Q

At what cancontration of fluoride can Fluorapatite and Calcium fluoride form?

A

More than 100 ppm

23
Q

What is the advantage of having soluable Calcium fluoride int eh saliva?

A

It could act as a slow release mechanism for creation of fluroxiapattite

24
Q

What are the major factors for demineralisation?

A
  1. Lack of fluoride
  2. High amount of simple CHOs & acidic foods
  3. Mature and acidic plaque
  4. Poor salivary protection
25
Q

What are the major factors for remineralisation?

A
  1. Adequate fluoride
  2. Low amount of simple CHOs & acidic foods
  3. Low levels of cariogenic bacteria
  4. Good salivary protection
26
Q

What is the pre-eruptive action of fluoride?

A

Fluoride is incorporated into enamel and dentine during formation as flurapatite

27
Q

What is the post-eruptive action of fluoride?

A
  1. Acts during maturation
  2. Acts during demin/remin
  3. Bacteria interference
28
Q

How can we have maximum benefit from fluoride?

A

Low and continuous concentrations of F ion immediatley adjacent to the enamel to enhance remineralisation and prevent demineralisation

29
Q

What is the standard concentration of toothpaste in Australia?

A

1000 - 1500 ppm

30
Q

What is the standard concentration of junior toothpastes in australia?

A

400 - 550 ppm

31
Q

Why is the concentration of kids tooth paste lower than the adult?

A

Due to fluorosis

32
Q

What is the recommendation for use of fluoridated tooth paste for 0 to 1.5 year old?

A

No need to use fluoridated tooth paste

33
Q

What is the recommendation for use of fluoridated tooth paste for 1.5 to 5 year old?

A

USe small head tooth brush, low concentration of fluoride, parent supervision, spit no rinse, twice a day

34
Q

What is the 4 potential uses of fluoride varnish?

A
  1. To desensitise root surfaces
  2. Arrest early lesions
  3. Erosion lesions
  4. Alternative to tray fluorides
35
Q

What are some of the earliest clinical sign of fluorosis?

A
  1. Thin white banded lines
  2. Small pitting
36
Q

What is the definition of flurosis?

A

Changes in the structure and composition of enamel as a result of excessive F ingestion

37
Q

What is the percentage of kids with fluorosis in SA?

A

30-40%

38
Q

How does fluorosis occur?

A

Due to the concentration of F within the microenvironment of the ameloblasts

39
Q

What are the sources of moisture during dental procedures?

A
  1. Saliva
  2. Triplex
  3. Blood
40
Q

Why is moisture control important in dentistry?

A
  1. Many restorative materials are hydrophobic
  2. Patient managment
  3. Operator managment
41
Q

What are some of the methods of moisture control?

A
  1. Retraction
  2. Triplex
  3. Absorbent material
  4. Rubber damn
42
Q

What are the steps to rubber dam application?

A
  1. Tooth assessment and tooth prep
  2. Clamp selection and preparation
  3. Dam preperation
  4. Clamp placement
  5. Clamp and dam placement
  6. Anchorage
  7. Dam Frame
  8. Inversion
  9. Finishing
  10. Removal
43
Q

Whhat are the two important reasons for toothbrushing?

A
  1. Mechanical removal of plaque
  2. application of fluoride
44
Q

What is the best toothbrush?

A

Multi-tufted soft bristle

45
Q

Why do we brush twice a day?

A

In order to achive ultimate fluoride protective effect

46
Q

What is the most effective antimicrobial agent?

A

Chlorhexidine

47
Q

How can we examine the caries? What framework?

A

Location: Site of plaque equmulation or not

Colour: opaque, dull

Texture: rough gritty pourus

Contour

Dentistry BDS1 Sem 2 (14 decks)

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