MI Preventive Flashcards
What is erosion?
It is the most common type of non-carious damage to the teeth and occurs when an acidic agent is presented to the oral environment which is not mediated by cariogenic bacteria.
What is attrition?
Physical damage caused by mechanical rubbing of one tooth surface onto another.
What is abrasion?
Rubbing a foreign agent onto the tooth surface.
What is hypoplasia?
Disturbance in matrix formation and is characterised by pitted, groove or thinned enamel
What is hypomirlisation?
Disturbance of calcification. Affected enamel appears white and opaque, but post-eruptive may become brown. Enamel is weak and prone to breakdown.
What are the two most common types of staining?
Extrinsic and intrinsic
How does extrinsic staining occur?
It occurs due to porosities in the enamel
How does intrinsic staining occur?
It occurs by non-vitality of the tooth, damage from eruption or tetracycline stains.
What are the four types of caries?
WSL, Cavitated, Root and Rampant
What is a WSL?
active caries - intact, loss of normal enamel translucency, white chalky appearance, fragile, border often indistinct.
What is cavitated caries?
Next stage of WSL when cavitation occurs
What is root caries?
caries that involves both enamel and the dentine in the root region
What is rampant caries?
occurs due to prologned exposure to simple carbs eg baby formula
What does the increased of intake of refined sugar and consumption of acidic drinks cause?
An increased in acidification of biofilm
What are the 5 way to identify caries?
- Visual (using mirror, air, explorer)
- Transillumination
- Radiographs
- Electronic caries detectors
- Chemical detection
What test can be used to identify caries?
Tri-plaque ID Gel
What do colours represent in the disclosion of tri-plaque ID Gel?
Red - new plaque
Dark blue - old plaque
Light blue - cariogenic plaque that is with pH below 4.5
What are the three mechanism of action of fluoride?
- Enhancing remin and inhibiting demin
- Anti-microbial at High concentrations (above 5000 ppm)
- Intra-oral fluoride reservoir
What are the advantages of using calcium based products?
- Increasing concentrations of Ca++
- Improves effectivness of fluoride
- Effective in xerostomic conditions
What can potentially slow down the absorption of fluoride when ingested?
Milk - milk coagulation in stomach impedes diffusion of F and slows rate of absorption
What dose of fluoride can cause fluorosis?
0.05-0.07 mg/kg body weight/day at the time of enamel calcification
At what cancontration of fluoride can Fluorapatite and Calcium fluoride form?
More than 100 ppm
What is the advantage of having soluable Calcium fluoride int eh saliva?
It could act as a slow release mechanism for creation of fluroxiapattite
What are the major factors for demineralisation?
- Lack of fluoride
- High amount of simple CHOs & acidic foods
- Mature and acidic plaque
- Poor salivary protection
What are the major factors for remineralisation?
- Adequate fluoride
- Low amount of simple CHOs & acidic foods
- Low levels of cariogenic bacteria
- Good salivary protection
What is the pre-eruptive action of fluoride?
Fluoride is incorporated into enamel and dentine during formation as flurapatite
What is the post-eruptive action of fluoride?
- Acts during maturation
- Acts during demin/remin
- Bacteria interference
How can we have maximum benefit from fluoride?
Low and continuous concentrations of F ion immediatley adjacent to the enamel to enhance remineralisation and prevent demineralisation
What is the standard concentration of toothpaste in Australia?
1000 - 1500 ppm
What is the standard concentration of junior toothpastes in australia?
400 - 550 ppm
Why is the concentration of kids tooth paste lower than the adult?
Due to fluorosis
What is the recommendation for use of fluoridated tooth paste for 0 to 1.5 year old?
No need to use fluoridated tooth paste
What is the recommendation for use of fluoridated tooth paste for 1.5 to 5 year old?
USe small head tooth brush, low concentration of fluoride, parent supervision, spit no rinse, twice a day
What is the 4 potential uses of fluoride varnish?
- To desensitise root surfaces
- Arrest early lesions
- Erosion lesions
- Alternative to tray fluorides
What are some of the earliest clinical sign of fluorosis?
- Thin white banded lines
- Small pitting
What is the definition of flurosis?
Changes in the structure and composition of enamel as a result of excessive F ingestion
What is the percentage of kids with fluorosis in SA?
30-40%
How does fluorosis occur?
Due to the concentration of F within the microenvironment of the ameloblasts
What are the sources of moisture during dental procedures?
- Saliva
- Triplex
- Blood
Why is moisture control important in dentistry?
- Many restorative materials are hydrophobic
- Patient managment
- Operator managment
What are some of the methods of moisture control?
- Retraction
- Triplex
- Absorbent material
- Rubber damn
What are the steps to rubber dam application?
- Tooth assessment and tooth prep
- Clamp selection and preparation
- Dam preperation
- Clamp placement
- Clamp and dam placement
- Anchorage
- Dam Frame
- Inversion
- Finishing
- Removal
Whhat are the two important reasons for toothbrushing?
- Mechanical removal of plaque
- application of fluoride
What is the best toothbrush?
Multi-tufted soft bristle
Why do we brush twice a day?
In order to achive ultimate fluoride protective effect
What is the most effective antimicrobial agent?
Chlorhexidine
How can we examine the caries? What framework?
Location: Site of plaque equmulation or not
Colour: opaque, dull
Texture: rough gritty pourus
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