MI Preventive

Question 1

What is erosion?

Answer 1

It is the most common type of non-carious damage to the teeth and occurs when an acidic agent is presented to the oral environment which is not mediated by cariogenic bacteria.

Question 2

What is attrition?

Answer 2

Physical damage caused by mechanical rubbing of one tooth surface onto another.

Question 3

What is abrasion?

Answer 3

Rubbing a foreign agent onto the tooth surface.

Question 4

What is hypoplasia?

Answer 4

Disturbance in matrix formation and is characterised by pitted, groove or thinned enamel

Question 5

What is hypomirlisation?

Answer 5

Disturbance of calcification. Affected enamel appears white and opaque, but post-eruptive may become brown. Enamel is weak and prone to breakdown.

Question 6

What are the two most common types of staining?

Answer 6

Extrinsic and intrinsic

Question 7

How does extrinsic staining occur?

Answer 7

It occurs due to porosities in the enamel

Question 8

How does intrinsic staining occur?

Answer 8

It occurs by non-vitality of the tooth, damage from eruption or tetracycline stains.

Question 9

What are the four types of caries?

Answer 9

WSL, Cavitated, Root and Rampant

Question 10

What is a WSL?

Answer 10

active caries - intact, loss of normal enamel translucency, white chalky appearance, fragile, border often indistinct.

Question 11

What is cavitated caries?

Answer 11

Next stage of WSL when cavitation occurs

Question 12

What is root caries?

Answer 12

caries that involves both enamel and the dentine in the root region

Question 13

What is rampant caries?

Answer 13

occurs due to prologned exposure to simple carbs eg baby formula

Question 14

What does the increased of intake of refined sugar and consumption of acidic drinks cause?

Answer 14

An increased in acidification of biofilm

Question 15

What are the 5 way to identify caries?

Answer 15

1. Visual (using mirror, air, explorer)
2. Transillumination
3. Radiographs
4. Electronic caries detectors
5. Chemical detection

Question 16

What test can be used to identify caries?

Answer 16

Tri-plaque ID Gel

Question 17

What do colours represent in the disclosion of tri-plaque ID Gel?

Answer 17

Red - new plaque
Dark blue - old plaque
Light blue - cariogenic plaque that is with pH below 4.5

Question 18

What are the three mechanism of action of fluoride?

Answer 18

1. Enhancing remin and inhibiting demin
2. Anti-microbial at High concentrations (above 5000 ppm)
3. Intra-oral fluoride reservoir

Question 19

What are the advantages of using calcium based products?

Answer 19

1. Increasing concentrations of Ca++
2. Improves effectivness of fluoride
3. Effective in xerostomic conditions

Question 20

What can potentially slow down the absorption of fluoride when ingested?

Answer 20

Milk - milk coagulation in stomach impedes diffusion of F and slows rate of absorption

Question 21

What dose of fluoride can cause fluorosis?

Answer 21

0.05-0.07 mg/kg body weight/day at the time of enamel calcification

Question 22

At what cancontration of fluoride can Fluorapatite and Calcium fluoride form?

Answer 22

More than 100 ppm

Question 23

What is the advantage of having soluable Calcium fluoride int eh saliva?

Answer 23

It could act as a slow release mechanism for creation of fluroxiapattite

Question 24

What are the major factors for demineralisation?

Answer 24

1. Lack of fluoride
2. High amount of simple CHOs & acidic foods
3. Mature and acidic plaque
4. Poor salivary protection

Question 25

What are the major factors for remineralisation?

Answer 25

1. Adequate fluoride 2. Low amount of simple CHOs & acidic foods 3. Low levels of cariogenic bacteria 4. Good salivary protection

Question 26

What is the pre-eruptive action of fluoride?

Answer 26

Fluoride is incorporated into enamel and dentine during formation as flurapatite

Question 27

What is the post-eruptive action of fluoride?

Answer 27

1. Acts during maturation 2. Acts during demin/remin 3. Bacteria interference

Question 28

How can we have maximum benefit from fluoride?

Answer 28

Low and continuous concentrations of F ion immediatley adjacent to the enamel to enhance remineralisation and prevent demineralisation

Question 29

What is the standard concentration of toothpaste in Australia?

Answer 29

1000 - 1500 ppm

Question 30

What is the standard concentration of junior toothpastes in australia?

Answer 30

400 - 550 ppm

Question 31

Why is the concentration of kids tooth paste lower than the adult?

Answer 31

Due to fluorosis

Question 32

What is the recommendation for use of fluoridated tooth paste for 0 to 1.5 year old?

Answer 32

No need to use fluoridated tooth paste

Question 33

What is the recommendation for use of fluoridated tooth paste for 1.5 to 5 year old?

Answer 33

USe small head tooth brush, low concentration of fluoride, parent supervision, spit no rinse, twice a day

Question 34

What is the 4 potential uses of fluoride varnish?

Answer 34

1. To desensitise root surfaces 2. Arrest early lesions 3. Erosion lesions 4. Alternative to tray fluorides

Question 35

What are some of the earliest clinical sign of fluorosis?

Answer 35

1. Thin white banded lines 2. Small pitting

Question 36

What is the definition of flurosis?

Answer 36

Changes in the structure and composition of enamel as a result of excessive F ingestion

Question 37

What is the percentage of kids with fluorosis in SA?

Answer 37

30-40%

Question 38

How does fluorosis occur?

Answer 38

Due to the concentration of F within the microenvironment of the ameloblasts

Question 39

What are the sources of moisture during dental procedures?

Answer 39

1. Saliva 2. Triplex 3. Blood

Question 40

Why is moisture control important in dentistry?

Answer 40

1. Many restorative materials are hydrophobic 2. Patient managment 3. Operator managment

Question 41

What are some of the methods of moisture control?

Answer 41

1. Retraction 2. Triplex 3. Absorbent material 4. Rubber damn

Question 42

What are the steps to rubber dam application?

Answer 42

1. Tooth assessment and tooth prep 2. Clamp selection and preparation 3. Dam preperation 4. Clamp placement 5. Clamp and dam placement 6. Anchorage 7. Dam Frame 8. Inversion 9. Finishing 10. Removal

Question 43

Whhat are the two important reasons for toothbrushing?

Answer 43

1. Mechanical removal of plaque 2. application of fluoride

Question 44

What is the best toothbrush?

Answer 44

Multi-tufted soft bristle

Question 45

Why do we brush twice a day?

Answer 45

In order to achive ultimate fluoride protective effect

Question 46

What is the most effective antimicrobial agent?

Answer 46

Chlorhexidine

Question 47

How can we examine the caries? What framework?

Answer 47

Location: Site of plaque equmulation or not Colour: opaque, dull Texture: rough gritty pourus Contour