MI

Question 1

What makes changing so difficult?

Answer 1

Obstacles:
* Demoralisation
* Effort and Time
* Resistance
* Automatic cognitive processes
* Environmental factors

Question 2

why you should acknowledge the reasons for sustaining the behaviour in the initial phase

Answer 2

• Behaviour has a function or a ‘special meaning’
• Resistance often arises out of fear

Question 3

What is Motivation

Answer 3

degree of willingness/readiness to change

Question 4

Three components of motivation

Answer 4

• Will to change
• Confidence in own ability to change
• Readiness to change

Question 5

what is ambivalence and what role does it play in motivation

Answer 5

• conflicting motivations
• Ambivalence evokes discomfort and is often the start of change (cognitive dissonance)

Question 6

What is Motivational Interviewing?

Answer 6

A client centered directive method for enhancing intrinsic motivation to change by exploring and resolving ambivalence

Question 7

Principles of Motivational Interviewing

Answer 7

1. Show Empathy
2. Unconditional acceptance (of the person, not necessarily the behaviour)
3. Avoid discord/discussion
4. Roll with resistance (judo)
5. Affirmation
6. Develop disbalance (cognitive dissonance)

Question 8

the spirit of MI

Answer 8

collaboration(partnership)
compassion
acceptance
evocation
CACE or PACE

Question 9

what is the righting reflex

Answer 9

repair reflex/ for your own good reflex
the urge to “fix” the problem by offering
solutions or advice that hasn’t been asked for.

Question 10

what are the processes of MI

Answer 10

engaging
focusing
evocating
planing

Question 11

what are the stages of change

Answer 11

pre-contemplation
contemplation
preparation
action
maintenance
relapse

Question 12

engaging

Answer 12

entering therapeutic alliance/agenda setting with OARS

Question 13

focusing

Answer 13

1 goal
-what change are we talking about
determining goal/direction

Question 14

evocation

Answer 14

why change
explore and increase ambivalence and evoke change talk

Question 15

what is DARN Cat and what is it a sighn of

Answer 15

sign of change talk
desire
ability
reason
need
commitment
activation
taking steps

Question 16

how to evoke change talk

Answer 16

OARS
open questions
affirmations
reflections (complex)
summary (of the change talk)

Question 17

planning

Answer 17

how to change
SMART goals

Question 18

what are the 4 things to prepare your mind before MI

Answer 18

RULE
Resist, Understand, Listen, Empower.

Question 19

What are 6 additional ways to elicit change talk

Answer 19

1. Asking for it; evocative questions
2. Asking for elaboration
3. Querying extremes; best/worst things that could happen if they (don’t) change behavior
4. Looking back; ask about a time in the past when things were different
5. Looking forward; ask about imagined time in the future if change would or would not occur
6. Exploring values and goals; ask how target behavior fits with values and goals

Question 20

OARS

Answer 20

Open questions = more directed than in engagement phase, let people elaborate on the disadvantages of continuing and advantages of quitting
Affirmations = compliment, reframe, validate; statements that recognize strengths
Reflections = content, emotion, ambivalence; simple reflections (at the start); more provoking/complex (further in the session) —> order of the reflection is important, end with change talk
Summaries = not summarizing everything; use this to transition to new topic, highlight some motivational statements, connect different things, check understanding, use when you feel stuck

Question 21

key questions

Answer 21

aim to prompt the client to articulate their goals motivations and plans for change

Question 22

What is the difference between resistance and discord

Answer 22

Resistance = function/characteristic of the interaction styles between client and counselor (social interaction view)
Discord = different from sustain talk, includes disagreement, not being on the same wavelength, disturbance in the relationship