MHC Flashcards

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1
Q

BCR

A

recognizes and binds to free antigen that is part of a larger pathogen or toxin

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2
Q

BCR complexes

A
  • ITAMS

- CD19, CD81, CD21

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3
Q

ITAM

A

Igalpha
Igbeta
- transduce signals

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4
Q

CD19

A

transmit and relay signals to cell interior

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5
Q

CD81

A

transmit and relay signals to cell interior

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6
Q

CD21

A

transmit and relay signals to cell interior

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7
Q

TCR

A

recognizes and binds to both antigen-derived peptide and MHC to which peptide is bound
- Peptide sources can be from endogenously or exogenously processed antigens

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8
Q

TCR subunits

A

alpha and beta each have a constant region and variable region

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9
Q

Major histocompatibility complex

A
  • binding groove of a cell-surface protein

- how TCR recognizes pieces of antigen

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10
Q

MHC

A

peptide made within the cell—> MHC molecule—>surface

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11
Q

MHC Class 1 and class 2

A
  • membrane-bound glycoprotiens that are related in both structure and function
  • Antigen-presenting molecules
  • Form stable complexes with peptide ligands
  • Display antigen on cellular surface for TCR engagement
  • NEED PEPTIDE
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12
Q

Nucleated cells

A

MHC class 1

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13
Q

APCs or phagocytic cells

A

MHC class 2

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14
Q

MHC class 1

A
  • Ig family (immunoglobulin domain=sticky domain_
  • two peptides (larger transmembrane alpha chain and smaller beta2-microbglobulin protein)
  • 8-10 amino acids
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15
Q

MHC class 2

A
  • Ig superfamily
  • heterodimeric transmembrane protein (alpha chain and beta chain)
  • 13-18 amino acids
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16
Q

MHC class 1 functions

A
  • Present peptide to CD8+ T cells (CTLs)
  • Peptides derived from endogenous intracellular proteins
  • Some amino acids anchor the peptide into the groove
  • Other amino acids are available to interact with the TCR
17
Q

MHC class 2 functions

A
  • Usually derived from exogenous extracellular processed antigens
  • Present antigen peptides to CD4+ T cells
  • Anchor amino acids residues
18
Q

Nature of peptide-binding groove for MHC class 1

A

closed at both ends

19
Q

Nature of peptide-binding groove for MHC class 2

A

open at both ends

20
Q

Role of MHC class 1

A
  • Presents intracellular antigen peptides
  • includes self-protein
  • Provides a way for “checking” that cells are self and generally healthy
  • Can show which cells have been infected with viruses or are abnormal and display those peptides on class 1 and activate CTLs
21
Q

Where is MHC class 1 expression found?

A

Throughout the body essentially on all nucleated cells

22
Q

Role of MHC class 2

A
  • presents extracellular antigen peptides
  • More restricted, generally found on cells involved in immune responses
  • help direct responses against threats- things that shouldn’t be in our systems- and display those peptide and class 2 and activate th cells
23
Q

MHC class 2 expression is primarily restricted to?

A

Antigen presenting cells

  • macrophages
  • B cells
  • Dendtritic cells
24
Q

Genetic regulatory components: transcriptional promoters that drive transcription during times of infections, _____ are core components transcriptional activators

A

PRRs

25
Q

Viral interference: viruses like to shut down MHC class ____ expression because it targets the cells they’re in for destructions

A

1

26
Q

Cytokine-mediated signaling: some cytokines like _______ and ________ can drive up MHC expression

A

Type 1 interferons

TNF pro-inflammatory

27
Q

Drive Down

A

Antihistamines, steroids

28
Q

MHC alleles

A
  • co-dominantly expressed
  • both maternal and paternal are expressed in offspring
  • individuals express MHC alleles inherited from both parents
29
Q

MHC allele diversity

A
  • provides flexibility in responding to immune changes

- makes transplantation particularly difficult

30
Q

MHC restriction

A
  • T cells are restricted to recognizing peptides presented in the context of self-MHC alleles