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Mod 4 > MH Ch 17 > Flashcards

MH Ch 17 Flashcards

1
Q

What is cognitive impairment?

A

Cognitive impairment refers to a decline in cognitive function, including memory loss, reasoning, judgment, and language.

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2
Q

True or False: Alzheimer’s disease is a type of dementia.

A

True

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3
Q

What is the most common cause of dementia?

A

Alzheimer’s disease

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: Dementia is a syndrome characterized by a decline in ________ function.

A

cognitive

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5
Q

What are some risk factors for developing Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Age, family history, genetics, and certain lifestyle factors

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6
Q

What is the hallmark pathology of Alzheimer’s disease?

A

The accumulation of amyloid plaques and tau tangles in the brain

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7
Q

True or False: Vascular dementia is caused by a single specific disease process.

A

False

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8
Q

What type of dementia is characterized by damage to the blood vessels in the brain?

A

Vascular dementia

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9
Q

What is the main difference between Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal dementia?

A

Frontotemporal dementia primarily affects behavior and personality, while Alzheimer’s disease affects memory and cognition.

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10
Q

What is the role of neuroimaging in diagnosing dementia?

A

Neuroimaging techniques can help identify changes in the brain associated with different types of dementia.

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11
Q

True or False: There is currently a cure for Alzheimer’s disease.

A

False

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12
Q

What are some common symptoms of dementia?

A

Memory loss, confusion, difficulty with language, and changes in mood or behavior

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13
Q

What is the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) used for?

A

The MMSE is a screening tool used to assess cognitive function and detect cognitive impairment.

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14
Q

True or False: Dementia is a normal part of aging.

A

False

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15
Q

What is the main goal of treatment for dementia?

A

To manage symptoms, slow progression, and improve quality of life

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16
Q

What are some non-pharmacological interventions for managing dementia?

A

Cognitive stimulation, physical exercise, and social engagement

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17
Q

True or False: Alzheimer’s disease can only be definitively diagnosed after death.

A

True

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18
Q

What is the difference between mild cognitive impairment and dementia?

A

Mild cognitive impairment involves noticeable cognitive decline that does not significantly interfere with daily functioning, while dementia involves more severe decline that affects daily activities.

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19
Q

What is the main neurotransmitter involved in Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Acetylcholine

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20
Q

True or False: Lewy body dementia is characterized by the presence of abnormal protein deposits in the brain.

A

True

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21
Q

What are some common risk factors for developing dementia?

A

Age, genetics, cardiovascular risk factors, and brain injuries

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22
Q

What is the primary cause of Lewy body dementia?

A

The accumulation of abnormal protein deposits called Lewy bodies in the brain

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23
Q

True or False: Frontotemporal dementia primarily affects memory function.

A

False

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24
Q

What is the role of genetics in the development of Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Certain genetic mutations can increase the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease.

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25
Q

True or False: Education and cognitive stimulation have been shown to reduce the risk of developing dementia.

A

True

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26
Q

What is the primary cause of frontotemporal dementia?

A

Degeneration of the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain

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27
Q

What is the main difference between dementia and delirium?

A

Dementia is a chronic, progressive condition, while delirium is an acute, reversible condition.

28
Q

True or False: Depression is a risk factor for developing dementia.

A

True

29
Q

What are the 6 D’s of confusion?

A

Damage, depression, deprivation, delirium, dementia, and drugs

30
Q

6 D’s
Causes of ___ include metabolic disorders, diseases, infections, fever, dehydration, pain, drug reactions, and lack of oxygen to the brain

A

Delirium

31
Q

6 D’s
Causes of ___ include stroke, head injury, disease, and exposure to chemicals

A

Damage

32
Q

6 D’s
___ has acute onset and is sometimes reversible

A

Damage

33
Q

6 D’s
Causes of ___ include sensory impairments, poor hearing, poor vision, loss of touch, and lack of social interaction

A

Deprivation

34
Q

6 D’s
____ has a variable onset and is sometimes reversible

A

Deprivation

35
Q

6 D’s
There are over 60 causes of ___ , including cardiovascular disease, HIV, metabolic problems, and Alzheimer’s disease

A

Dementia

36
Q

6 D’s
____ has a slow onset and is usually not reversible

A

Dementia

37
Q

6 D’s
Causes of ____ include loss, drugs, inner sadness, and metabolic imbalances

A

Depression

38
Q

6 D’s
____ has a subacute onset and is usually reversible

A

Depression

39
Q

6 D’s
Chemical imbalances and allergic reactions can cause confusion related to ____

A

Drugs

40
Q

6 D’s
Confusion related to ____ usually has an acute onset and is usually reversible

A

Drugs

41
Q

6 D’s
____ has an acute onset and is reversible if treated early

A

Delirium

42
Q

What is the most commonly prescribed drug for Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Donepezil

43
Q

True or False: Memantine is used to treat mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease.

A

False

44
Q

What is the mechanism of action of cholinesterase inhibitors in Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase

45
Q

Which drug is a NMDA receptor antagonist used in Alzheimer’s disease treatment?

A

Memantine

46
Q

What is the main side effect of cholinesterase inhibitors?

A

Nausea

47
Q

What is the brand name of rivastigmine?

A

Exelon

48
Q

Which drug is used to improve cognitive function in patients with dementia?

A

Galantamine

49
Q

True or False: Tacrine is a commonly used drug for Alzheimer’s disease.

A

False

50
Q

What is the main side effect of Memantine?

A

Dizziness

51
Q

Which drug is a cholinesterase inhibitor used in Alzheimer’s disease treatment?

A

Rivastigmine

52
Q

What is the main side effect of Galantamine?

A

Diarrhea

53
Q

Which drug is used to treat severe Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Donepezil

54
Q

What is the main side effect of Memantine?

A

Headache

55
Q

Which drug is a cholinesterase inhibitor used in Alzheimer’s disease treatment?

A

Tacrine

56
Q

What is the brand name of memantine?

A

Namenda

57
Q

Which drug is used to treat moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Rivastigmine

58
Q

True or False: Galantamine is a NMDA receptor antagonist.

A

False

59
Q

What is the main side effect of Donepezil?

A

Insomnia

60
Q

Which drug is used to treat mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Galantamine

61
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Memantine in Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Blocks NMDA receptors

62
Q

Which drug is a NMDA receptor antagonist used in Alzheimer’s disease treatment?

A

Namenda

63
Q

What is the brand name of galantamine?

A

Razadyne

64
Q

Which drug is used to improve cognitive function in patients with dementia?

A

Tacrine

65
Q

True or False: Tacrine is a cholinesterase inhibitor.

A

True

Mod 4 (3 decks)

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