MH Ch 17 Flashcards
What is cognitive impairment?
Cognitive impairment refers to a decline in cognitive function, including memory loss, reasoning, judgment, and language.
True or False: Alzheimer’s disease is a type of dementia.
True
What is the most common cause of dementia?
Alzheimer’s disease
Fill in the blank: Dementia is a syndrome characterized by a decline in ________ function.
cognitive
What are some risk factors for developing Alzheimer’s disease?
Age, family history, genetics, and certain lifestyle factors
What is the hallmark pathology of Alzheimer’s disease?
The accumulation of amyloid plaques and tau tangles in the brain
True or False: Vascular dementia is caused by a single specific disease process.
False
What type of dementia is characterized by damage to the blood vessels in the brain?
Vascular dementia
What is the main difference between Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal dementia?
Frontotemporal dementia primarily affects behavior and personality, while Alzheimer’s disease affects memory and cognition.
What is the role of neuroimaging in diagnosing dementia?
Neuroimaging techniques can help identify changes in the brain associated with different types of dementia.
True or False: There is currently a cure for Alzheimer’s disease.
False
What are some common symptoms of dementia?
Memory loss, confusion, difficulty with language, and changes in mood or behavior
What is the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) used for?
The MMSE is a screening tool used to assess cognitive function and detect cognitive impairment.
True or False: Dementia is a normal part of aging.
False
What is the main goal of treatment for dementia?
To manage symptoms, slow progression, and improve quality of life
What are some non-pharmacological interventions for managing dementia?
Cognitive stimulation, physical exercise, and social engagement
True or False: Alzheimer’s disease can only be definitively diagnosed after death.
True
What is the difference between mild cognitive impairment and dementia?
Mild cognitive impairment involves noticeable cognitive decline that does not significantly interfere with daily functioning, while dementia involves more severe decline that affects daily activities.
What is the main neurotransmitter involved in Alzheimer’s disease?
Acetylcholine
True or False: Lewy body dementia is characterized by the presence of abnormal protein deposits in the brain.
True
What are some common risk factors for developing dementia?
Age, genetics, cardiovascular risk factors, and brain injuries
What is the primary cause of Lewy body dementia?
The accumulation of abnormal protein deposits called Lewy bodies in the brain
True or False: Frontotemporal dementia primarily affects memory function.
False
What is the role of genetics in the development of Alzheimer’s disease?
Certain genetic mutations can increase the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease.
True or False: Education and cognitive stimulation have been shown to reduce the risk of developing dementia.
True
What is the primary cause of frontotemporal dementia?
Degeneration of the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain
What is the main difference between dementia and delirium?
Dementia is a chronic, progressive condition, while delirium is an acute, reversible condition.
True or False: Depression is a risk factor for developing dementia.
True
What are the 6 D’s of confusion?
Damage, depression, deprivation, delirium, dementia, and drugs
6 D’s
Causes of ___ include metabolic disorders, diseases, infections, fever, dehydration, pain, drug reactions, and lack of oxygen to the brain
Delirium
6 D’s
Causes of ___ include stroke, head injury, disease, and exposure to chemicals
Damage
6 D’s
___ has acute onset and is sometimes reversible
Damage
6 D’s
Causes of ___ include sensory impairments, poor hearing, poor vision, loss of touch, and lack of social interaction
Deprivation
6 D’s
____ has a variable onset and is sometimes reversible
Deprivation
6 D’s
There are over 60 causes of ___ , including cardiovascular disease, HIV, metabolic problems, and Alzheimer’s disease
Dementia
6 D’s
____ has a slow onset and is usually not reversible
Dementia
6 D’s
Causes of ____ include loss, drugs, inner sadness, and metabolic imbalances
Depression
6 D’s
____ has a subacute onset and is usually reversible
Depression
6 D’s
Chemical imbalances and allergic reactions can cause confusion related to ____
Drugs
6 D’s
Confusion related to ____ usually has an acute onset and is usually reversible
Drugs
6 D’s
____ has an acute onset and is reversible if treated early
Delirium
What is the most commonly prescribed drug for Alzheimer’s disease?
Donepezil
True or False: Memantine is used to treat mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease.
False
What is the mechanism of action of cholinesterase inhibitors in Alzheimer’s disease?
Inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase
Which drug is a NMDA receptor antagonist used in Alzheimer’s disease treatment?
Memantine
What is the main side effect of cholinesterase inhibitors?
Nausea
What is the brand name of rivastigmine?
Exelon
Which drug is used to improve cognitive function in patients with dementia?
Galantamine
True or False: Tacrine is a commonly used drug for Alzheimer’s disease.
False
What is the main side effect of Memantine?
Dizziness
Which drug is a cholinesterase inhibitor used in Alzheimer’s disease treatment?
Rivastigmine
What is the main side effect of Galantamine?
Diarrhea
Which drug is used to treat severe Alzheimer’s disease?
Donepezil
What is the main side effect of Memantine?
Headache
Which drug is a cholinesterase inhibitor used in Alzheimer’s disease treatment?
Tacrine
What is the brand name of memantine?
Namenda
Which drug is used to treat moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease?
Rivastigmine
True or False: Galantamine is a NMDA receptor antagonist.
False
What is the main side effect of Donepezil?
Insomnia
Which drug is used to treat mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease?
Galantamine
What is the mechanism of action of Memantine in Alzheimer’s disease?
Blocks NMDA receptors
Which drug is a NMDA receptor antagonist used in Alzheimer’s disease treatment?
Namenda
What is the brand name of galantamine?
Razadyne
Which drug is used to improve cognitive function in patients with dementia?
Tacrine
True or False: Tacrine is a cholinesterase inhibitor.
True
