Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PLE TOP 1 Marso 2019 > Mga Karamdaman > Flashcards

Mga Karamdaman Flashcards

1
Q

Precursor B and T Cell Neoplasms

A

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Acute Lung Injury Definition

A

Abrupt
Significant Hypoxemia
Diffuse Pulmonary Infiltrates
Absence of Heart Failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Atelectasis Definition

A

Pulmonary Collapse

(1) Neonatal Failure to Expand
(2) Collapse of Previously Expanded Lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Mga Uri ng Atelektasis

A

(1) Resorption 2’ to complete airway obstruction
(2) Compressive due to the presence of liquid or gas in the pleural space
(3) Contraction due to fibrosis that prevents full lung expansion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Conditions Associated with ARDS

A

Sepsis
Diffuse Infection
Gastric Aspiration

Mechanical Trauma
Near Drowning
Pulmo Contusion
Fat Embolism due to Fx
Ionizing Radiation
Burns

Barbiturates
Heroin
Aspirin
Paraquat

Smoke
O2 Excess

Pancreatitis

Uremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases

A

Increased resistance to airflow

COPD
Asthma
Bronchiectasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Restrictive Lung Diseases

A

Reduced expansion, decreasing total lung capacity

(1) Chest Wall Disorders
- Poliomyelitis, other neuromuscular
- Kyphoscoliosis
- Severe Obesity
- Pleural Disease

(2) Interstitial Lung Diseases
- Pneumoconiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Kahulugan ng Enfisema

A

Irreversible enlargement of the airspaces distal to the terminal bronchiole (i.e. acinus) with concomitant destruction of the walls without obvious fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Mga Uri ng Enfisema

A
  1. Centriacinar
  2. Panacinar
  3. Paraseptal
  4. Irregular
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Larawan ng COPD

A
  1. Enfisema
  2. Bronquitis Crónico
  3. Enfermedad de Bronquiolitos
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

α-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency

A

Characterized by unchecked neutrophil elastase activity leading to the destruction of elastic components of the lung parenchyma. Eventual loss of elastic tethering and recoil leads to airway obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Collateral Airflow in Emphysema

A

Pores of Kohn

Canals of Lambert

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Bullous Emphysema

A

Large subpleural blebs > 1 cm in diameter when distended that may occur in any form of emphysema. Rupture may lead to Pneumothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Kahulugan ng Chronic Bronchitis

A

Persistent productive cough for at least 3 months in at least 2 consecutive years, in the absence of any other identifiable cause.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Consequences of Chronic Bronchitis

A
  1. COPD
  2. Cor Pulmonale –> Heart Failure
  3. Metaplasia/Dysplasia –> Cancerous Neoplasia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pangunahing salik sa pag-usbong ng bronquitis crónico

A

Chronic irritation by inhaled substances

(1) tobacco smoke
(2) dust from silica, grain, or cotton

17
Q

Paanong pinadadali ng paninigarilyong kumapit ang impeksyon?

A

(1) interferes with ciliary activity in respiratory epithelium
(2) direct epithelial injury
(3) interferes with leukocyte activity to clear bacteria

18
Q

Mga katangiang histolohiko ng Bronquitis Crónico

A
  1. Chronic inflammation with lymphocytic predominance

2. Mucous cell hyperplasia/hypertrophy

19
Q

Ano ang Reid Index

A

Normally 0.4

Ratio between the thicknesses of the mucous gland layer and that of the distance between epithelium and cartilage

20
Q

Ano ang Hika?

A

. Chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that presents as recurrent episodes of cough, wheeze, dyspnea, chest tightness that is more prominent at night or early in the morning

. The symptoms are usually associated widespread but variable bronchoconstriction and airflow limitation that is at least partially reversible either spontaneously or with treatment.

21
Q

Mga Palatandaan ng Hika

Disease Hallmarks

A
  1. Airway Hyperresponsiveness
  2. Episodic Bronchoconstriction
  3. Chronic inflammation of the bronchial walls
  4. Increased mucous production
22
Q

Status Asthmaticus

A

Severe acute paroxysms that may last for days to weeks where airflow obstruction may become so severe as to cause cyanosis or death.

23
Q

Atopic Asthma

A

Classic type I IgE-mediated hypersensitivity, associated with childhood sensitization, positive family history, and wheal&flare reaction on skin test.

24
Q

Non-atopic Asthma

A

Does not display the classic profile of asthmatics; associated with viral infections

25
Q

Mediators of Asthma

A 
LT C D E
Acetylcholine
Histamine
Prostglandin D2
Platelet Activating Factor
26
Q

Mga Katangian ng Airway Remodelling sa Hika

A
  1. Goblet Cell Metaplasia + Subepithelial Mucous Gland Hypertrophy
  2. Increased Vascularity
  3. Leukocytosis
  4. Smooth Muscle Hypertrophy/Hyperplasia
  5. Epithelial Injury
  6. Fibrosis, sub-BM deposition of Collagen I and III
  7. Overall thickening of the airway wall.
27
Q

Larawang Histolohiko ng Hika

a. Baga, Macroscopic
b. Kalaghala

A

a. Overinflated and Overdistended, Numerous mucus plugs

b. Curschmann Spirals, Charcot-Leyden Galectin-10 Crystals, Eosinophilia

28
Q

Celiac Disease Definition

A

An immune-mediated enteropathy triggered by the ingestion of gluten-containing cereals, such as wheat, rye, or barley, in genetically predisposed individuals.

29
Q

Celiac Disease Pathogenesis

A

Gluten, the major storage protein of wheat et al. is digested into alpha-gliadin that is resistant to degradation by gastric pancreatic and small intestinal proteases. Gliadin induces some epithelial cells to manifest IL-15, which activates CD8 T-cells that become cytotoxic and thus kill the enterocytes. Enterocyte loss allows more gliadin to be exposed to subepithelial tissue where it is deaminated by transglutaminase. This process allows gliadin to activate CD4 T-cells, causing cytokine-mediated epithelial/mucosal damage.

30
Q

Dermatitis Herpetiformis

A

Pruritic, blistering skin lesion characteristic of Celiac Disease

31
Q

Celiac Disease Treatment

A

Gluten-free Diet

32
Q

Lactase Deficiency type of diarrhea

A

Absence of lactase leads to osmotic diarrhea

33
Q

Abetalipoproteinemia

A

A rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by the inability of lipids to egress from absorptive epithelial cells due to a mutation in the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein. This protein is responsible for transferring proteins to apolipoprotein B in the ER.

34
Q

Features of abetalipoproteinemia

A

Affected infants present with failure to thrive, diarrhea, and steatorrhea, as well as complete absence of lipoproteins with apolipoprotein B.

35
Q

Acanthocytes/Burr Cells

A

Erythrocytes with altered lipid membranes in abetalipoproteinemia

PLE TOP 1 Marso 2019 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions