Mexico Vocab

Question 1

Chamber of Deputies

Answer 1

the lower house of the bicameral system in Mexico. The upper house is the Senate

Question 2

clientelism

Answer 2

a social order that depends upon relations of patronage; in particular, a political approach that emphasizes or exploits such relations

Question 3

corporatist system

Answer 3

a political ideology which advocates the organization of society by corporate groups, such as agricultural, labour, military, scientific, or guild associations, on the basis of their common interests

Question 4

direct plurality vote

Answer 4

Plurality voting is an electoral system in which each voter is allowed to vote for only one candidate, and the candidate who polls more than any other counterpart (a plurality) is elected

Question 5

foreign direct investment (FDI)

Answer 5

an investment in the form of a controlling ownership in a business in one country by an entity based in another country

Question 6

gender parity law

Answer 6

a law that requires political parties to field 50 percent women candidates; additionally, parties cannot only run women in districts where party support is weak, and if a woman legislator is replaced, it must be by another woman

Question 7

import-substitution industrialization (ISI)

Answer 7

a theory of economics typically adhered to by developing countries or emerging market nations that seek to decrease their dependence on developed countries

Question 8

National Congress

Answer 8

the legislature of the federal government of Mexico consisting of two chambers: the Senate of the Republic and the Chamber of Deputies

Question 9

North American Free Trad Agreement (NAFTA)

Answer 9

• was implemented in 1994 to encourage trade between the U.S., Mexico, and Canada
• reduced or eliminated tariffs on imports and exports between the three participating countries, creating a huge free-trade zone

Question 10

PEMEX

Answer 10

the Mexican state-owned petroleum company

Question 11

Primary system

Answer 11

election to select candidates to run for public office

Question 12

Sexenio

Answer 12

term for the term limit on the President of Mexico. The president is limited to a single six-year term, and no one who holds the office even on a caretaker basis is permitted to run for or hold the office again

Question 13

Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs)

Answer 13

are economic policies for developing countries that have been promoted by the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) since the early 1980s by the provision of loans conditional on the adoption of such policies