Methods used to establish the authoritarian state in Germany (from 1923 to March 1933) Flashcards
Nazi election propaganda about hope
Hitler was cast as the ‘Fuhrer over Germany” who gave 150 speeches in 1932 to regions who had never heard a national leader speak. Alongside this, Goebbels cast Hitler as “the bright symbol of the German will for freedom” in 1932. (popularity rose allowing him to get to the second round of elections behind Hindenburg)
Various types of Nazi propaganda including trained speakers, newspapers, posters, rallies
- Der Angriff, founded by Joseph Goebbels which had almost 60,000 readers by the end of 1930
-used this newspaper to attack democracy and put Hitler forward
-posters: attack the social democrats, drawing away from antisemitism to appeal to the middle class and provide them with an alternative to counter communism
-6000 propaganda speakers who were trained to speak for the Nazi party.
Various types of Nazi propaganda including trained speakers, newspapers, posters, rallies impact
the Nazi vote within the 1930 elections grew from 2.6% to 18.3% as support from the middle class rose. IN 1932, this vote then rose to 37.3% in 1932
Horst Wessel cult
Horse wessel was a trooper who was killed by the KPD in 1930. He was utilised as a way of presenting the idea of sacrifice and strength in relation to the Nazi party, showcasing the willingness and effort he had put into supporting Nazi ideologies. This assisted in building worthiness of supporting the party through providing the Nazi party with a martyr and an anthem
The use of the SA paramilitary force and street battles over time
The SA was the Nazi party’s paramilitary group. The SA marched and brawled the streets intimidating opponents of the Nazi’s during the years of the Weimer republic.
The use of the SA paramilitary force and street battles over time impact
Many parties were forced to dissolve due to the extreme measures Hitler took to intimidate them. Additionally, many agreements between parties were made and resignations occurred such as the resignation of Alfred Hugenberg from the cabinet.
Appointment of Goring as Prussian Minister of the Interior in February 1933
Hitlers appointed Goring as the Prussian minister of the interior to intensify violence on the streets. Goring used this office to enrol the brownshirts and auxiliary police who would do things such as smash trade unions and beat up communist.
Hitler’s threat of civil war in March 1933
As Hitler was unable to achieve overall Majority in the March 1933 elections, meaning he couldn’t alter the constitution, he threatened civil war and won over the centre party deputies with the promise of comprehensive concordat with the papacy guaranteeing catholic rights.
Hitler’s threat of civil war in March 1933 impact
Hitler was granted the right to rule by decree without reference either to the Reichstag or to the president. This is believed to be the point at which he became the dictator of Germany, establishing an authoritarian state
Goebbels
Joseph Goebbels was a crucial leader in the Nazi party, becoming the minister of propaganda in 1933
shaped the messages of the Nazi campaign, utilising strategies he learnt from advertisers to create connotations and images associated with the Nazi
shifted the Nazi message from a focus on antisemitism to providing the middle class with a viable alternative to counter communism.
Rohm
Ernst Rohm was recalled by Hitler, having fallen out of favour in 1925 after the electoral success of the Nazi party, to take command of the SA. He expanded the SA into an army of street fighters.
Rohm impact
Rohm taking command of the SA in 1930 led to the SA expanding from 70,000 people in 1930 to 170,000 in 1931 followed by more than three quarters of a million by 1933. The SA had become the core of the Nazi movement, playing a crucial role in forging Hitler’s rise to power between 1930 and 1933
Goring (as Prussian Minister of the Interior in February 1933)
Goring was appointed by Hitler to be Prussian minister, holding the role of intensifying violence on the streets.
Fuhrerprinzip
Fuhrerprinzip is where the word of the Fuhrer is above all written law. Hitler was known as the Fuhrer after he threatened civil war and gained rights to alter the constitution, giving him the right to rule by decree. This meant decisions he made did not have to run by the Reichstag or president.
Der angriff
Founded in 1927 and had over 100,000 readers by 1932
