Methods to retrieve information from memory - RRRR

Question 1

Recall

Answer 1

Recall involves producing information stored in memory with the fewest possible cues

Question 2

Serial-recall

Answer 2

Asked to reproduce information in the order it was presented or learned
Amount of information being able to be recalled will decrease - least sensitive
Example: names of cities

Question 3

Free-recall

Answer 3

Asked to reproduce as much information as possible in no particular order - middle sensitive
Example: list of grocery items

Question 4

Cued-recall

Answer 4

Given a prompt (cue) to aid retrieval - most sensitive

Example: seven dwarfs, first letter of name start with …

Question 5

Recognition

Answer 5

Recognition is when we identify correct information among alternatives
It is better at accessing information in LTM
More sensitive than recall
Example: multiple choice questions

Question 6

Relearning - method of savings

Answer 6

Relearning involves learning information again that has been previously learned and stored in LTM
Information that can’t be recalled or recognised can still be in LTM
Example: time how long it takes to learn the last 7 prime ministers of Australia. Time two weeks later on the same task to test the amount of time saved in learning the information a second time compared with the first time

Question 7

Savings formula

Answer 7

100 x (number of trial for original learning) - (number of trials for learning)/ number of trials for original learning

Question 8

Savings formula on the basis of time taken to relearn information

Answer 8

(time for original learning) - (time for relearning)/(time for original learning) x 100

Question 9

Reconstruction

Answer 9

Reconstruction is a method of retrieval that required participants to piece together an original stimulus that has been broken down back to its original structure

Question 10

What does the sensitivity of a measure of retention refer to?

Answer 10

Its ability to assess the amount of information that has been stored in memory. Most sensitive means most likely to access the information stored in LTM

Question 11

What is the order of sensitivity for recall, recognition and relearning from best to worst?

Answer 11

Recall is worst, recognition in the middle, relearning is best